Analytics and Decision Support in Health Care Operations Management

Chapter

Chapter 1: Introduction to Analytics and Decision Support in Health Care Operations Management

Learning Objectives

Historical Background and the Development of Decision Techniques

The Health Care Manager and Decision Making

Importance of Health Analytics: Information Technology (IT) and Decision Support Techniques

The Scope of Health Care Services, and Recent Trends

Health Care Services Management

Distinctive Characteristics of Health Care Services

Patient Participation

Simultaneous Production and Consumption

Perishable Capacity

The Intangible Nature of Health Care Outputs

The High Levels of Judgment Called Upon, and the Heterogeneous Nature of Health Care

Big Data and Data Flow in Health Care Organizations

Summary

Key Terms

Chapter 1 Supplement: Data Analytics in MS Excel: Creating and Manipulating Pivot Tables

Exercises

Chapter 2: Predictive Analytics

Learning Objectives

Steps in the Predictive Analytics Process

Identify the Goal of the Predictive Analytics

Establish a Time Horizon

Select a Predictive Analytics Technique

Conduct the Prediction

Monitor Accuracy

Predictive Analytics Techniques

Judgmental Predictions

Time-Series Technique

Techniques for Averaging

Techniques for Trend

Predictive Techniques for Seasonality

Accuracy of Predictive Analytics

Prediction Control

Summary

Key Terms

Exercises

Chapter 3: Decision Making in Health Care

Learning Objectives

The Decision Process

What Causes Poor Decisions?

The Decision Level and Decision Milieu

Decision Making under Uncertainty

Payoff Table

Decision Making under Risk

What If Payoffs Are Costs?

The Decision Tree Approach

Analysis of the Decision Tree: Rollback Procedure

Sensitivity Analysis in Decision Making

Decision Analysis with Nonmonetary Values and Multiple Attributes

Dominance Procedure

Minimum Attribute Satisfaction Procedure

Most Important Attribute Procedure

Clinical Decision Making and Implications for Management

Summary

Key Terms

Exercises

Chapter 4: Facility Location

Learning Objectives

Location Methods

Cost-Profit-Volume (CPV) Analysis

Factor Rating Methods

Multi-Attribute Methods

Center of Gravity Method

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in Health Care

Summary

Key Terms

Exercises

Chapter 5: Facility Layout

Learning Objectives

Product Layout

Process Layout

Process Layout Methods

Method of Minimizing Distances and Costs

Computer-Based Layout Programs

Fixed-Position Layout

Summary

Key Terms

Exercises

Chapter 6: Flow Processes Improvement: Reengineering and Lean Management

Learning Objectives

Reengineering

Lean Management

Define the Value

Map the Process

Identify Process Waste

Identify Improvements

Map the Future State

Implement Improvements

Repeat the Cycle

Work Design in Health Care Organizations

Work Design

Job Design

Work Measurement Using Time Standards

Work Measurement Using Work Sampling

Work Simplification

Worker Compensation

Summary

Key Terms

Exercises

Chapter 7: Staffing

Learning Objectives

Workload Management Overview

Establishment Of Workload Standards and Their Influence on Staffing Levels

Patient Acuity Systems

The Development of Internal Workload Standards

Procedurally Based Unit Staffing

Acuity-Based Unit Staffing

External Work Standards and Their Adjustments

Productivity and Workload Management

Summary

Key Terms

Exercises

Chapter 8: Scheduling

Learning Objectives

Staff Scheduling

The Eight-, Ten-, and Twelve-Hour Shifts—Studies of Shift Patterns

Implementation of a New Work System

Surgical Suite Resource Scheduling

Operating Room Scheduling Systems

Assessment of Scheduling Alternatives

Estimation of Procedure Times

Summary

Key Terms

Exercises

Chapter 9: Productivity and Performance Benchmarking

Learning Objectives

Trends in Health Care Productivity: Consequences of Reforms and Policy Decisions

Productivity Definitions and Measurements

Productivity Benchmarking

Multifactor Productivity

Commonly Used Productivity Ratios

Adjustments for Inputs

Adjustments for Outputs

Case Mix Adjustments

Productivity Measures Using Direct Care Hours

The Relationships between Productivity and Qualityin Hospital Settings

Summary of Productivity-Related Dilemmasin the Hospital Setting

Dealing with the Multiple Dimensions of Productivity: New Methods of Measurement and Benchmarking

Technical Efficiency

Economic Efficiency

Data Envelopment Analysis

Overview on Improving Health Care Productivity

Summary

Key Terms

Exercises

Chapter 10: Resource Allocation

Learning Objectives

Linear Programming

Maximization Models

Minimization Models

Integer Linear Programming

Summary

Key Terms

Exercises

Chapter 11: Supply Chain and Inventory Management

Learning Objectives

Health Care Supply Chain

Manufacturers/Suppliers

Flow of Materials

Supply Chain Management Issues for Providers

Contemporary Issues in Medical Inventory Management

Traditional Inventory Management

Requirements for Effective Inventory Management

Inventory Accounting Systems

Lead Time

Cost Information

Economic Order Quantity Model

Classification System

When to Reorder

Summary

Key Terms

Exercises

Chapter 12: Quality Control and Improvement

Learning Objectives

Quality in Health Care

Quality Experts

Quality Certifications and Awards

Total Quality Management (TQM) and Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI)

Six Sigma

Quality Measurement and Control Techniques

Process Variability

Monitoring Variation through Control Charts

Control Charts for Attributes

Control Charts for Continuous Variables

Investigation of Control Chart Patterns

Process Improvement

Methods for Generating New Ideas

Tools for Investigating the Presence of Quality Problems and Their Causes

Summary

Key Terms

Exercises

Chapter 13: Project Management

Learning Objectives

The Characteristics of Projects

The Project Manager

Managing Teams and Relationships on Projects

Planning and Scheduling Projects

The Network

Critical Path Method (CPM)

Probabilistic Approach

The Case of a Dominant Critical Path

Project Compression: Trade-Offs between Reduced Project Time and Cost

Project Management Applications in Clinical Settings: Clinical Pathways

Summary

Key Terms

Exercises

Chapter 14: Queuing Models and Capacity Planning

Learning Objectives

Queuing System Characteristics

Population Source

Number of Servers

Arrival Patterns

Service Patterns

Queue Characteristics

Measures of Queuing System Performance

Typical Infinite Source Models

Model Formulations

Capacity Analysis and Costs

Summary

Key Terms

Exercises

Chapter 15: Simulation

Learning Objectives

Simulation Process

Monte Carlo Simulation Method

Performance Measures and Managerial Decisions

Excel-Based Simulation Templates with Performance Measures and Managerial Decisions

Multiphase Simulation Model

Summary

Key Terms

Exercises

Appendixes

Appendix A: Standard Normal Distribution

Appendix B: Standard Normal Distribution

Appendix C: Cumulative Poisson Probabilities

Appendix D: t-Distribution

References

Index

End User License Agreement

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