Chapter
2. Latin America as a Culture Region
Culture, Subcultures, and Scale
Indigenous Cultures and Languages
Minority Cultures and Enclaves
Vignette 2.3. German Settlement in South America
Vignette 2.4. Return Migration and Cultural Change
The Media, Mass Culture, and Other Cultural Influences
Mapping Latin America’s Culture Regions
Mountains: Impacts on Regional and Subregional Environmental Patterns
Aspect and Climatic Variation in Latin America
Altitudinal Life Zones in Tropical Latin America: The Andean Example
Vignette 3.1. Climate Change in the Andes: Melting Glaciers Spell Big Problems
4. The Hispanic Caribbean
Geography and Environment
Historical Geography and Economic Development
Contemporary Economic and Social Geography
Vignette 4.1. The Big Thaw: Cuba and the United States Restore Diplomatic Relations
5. Peopling Latin America to 1820
Indigenous Cultures before Contact
Pre-Columbian Culture History
Vignette 5.1. Conquest and Disease Circa 1500
Sugarcane and Population Change
Miscegenation and Population Change
Early European Immigration
Population on the Eve of Independence
6. The Mesa Central of Mexico
Geography and Environment
Historical Geography and Economic Development
Contemporary Economic and Social Geography
Vignette 6.1. Tequila: From an Ancient Plant, a “Modern” Drink
The Mesa del Norte: A Vast Hinterland
Vignette 6.2. Mexico and the “Balloon Effect”: Illegal Drugs, Violence, and Death
7. Early Cities and Urban Development
Pre-Columbian Urban Development
The Central Andes and the Pacific Coast of South America
Cuzco and Other Inca Cities
Colonial Urban Development
Urban Form in Spanish America
Colonial Towns and Urban Structure in Brazil
Cities and Urban Systems on the Eve of Independence
Urban Development in the Republican Period
Vignette 7.2. Regions, Caudillos, and the Political Landscape in the Early Republican Period
Geography and Environment
Vignette 8.1. How High Is Chimborazo?
Historical Geography and Economic Development
Contemporary Economic and Social Geography
Vignette 8.2. Aerial Gondolas in the Andes: Innovative Urban Transportation Systems
Beyond the Piedmont: Peripheral Regions on the Andes’ Edge
9. Migration, Population Change, and Race
Slavery and African Immigration
Population Developments in the 20th Century
Vignette 9.1. Mennonite Colonists in Latin America
Vignette 9.2. Population Myths: Latin Americans and Birth Control
Latin America’s Population: 2000 and Beyond
Race and Race Relations in Latin America
Vignette 9.3. Race and Personal Identification
10. The Central Valley of Chile
Geography and Environment
Historical Geography and Economic Development
Contemporary Economic and Social Geography
11. The Central American Highlands
Vignette 11.1. The Panama Canal
Historical Geography and Economic Development
Vignette 11.2. The Monroe Doctrine and United States Hegemony in Latin America
Contemporary Economic and Social Geography
Vignette 11.3. Central America or Homicide Central?
The Caribbean Lowlands of Central America on the Periphery
12. Land and People since the Conquest
European Impacts on New World Land Tenure
Changing Production Systems
Modern Transformations of the Agrarian Sector
Vignette 12.1. Slavery in Brazil—in the 21st Century
Vignette 12.2. Land Grabbing
13. Brazil's Atlantic Coastal Plain
Geography and Environment
Historical Geography and Economic Development
Contemporary Economic and Social Geography
14. Contemporary Cities and Urban Patterns
Economic Development and Urbanization
Latin America’s Metropolitan Centers
Characteristics of Million‑Plus Cities
Urban Development and Form
Urban Primacy and Primate Cities
Urban Economy: Formal and Informal Sectors
Models of Latin American Urban Structure
Vignette 14.1. The Urban Landscape and Latin America’s “Love Motels”
15. The Southern Brazilian Highlands
Vignette 15.1. São Paulo: World City on the Brink of an Apocalypse?
The Sertão: A Populous Periphery
16. Latin American Development in Perspective
The Colonial Experience in Perspective
Vignette 16.1. A Latin American Pope: It Is Unprecedented! But Does It Matter?
Development, Levels of Living, and Quality of Life
Latin American Development in World Perspective
Inside Latin America: Comparative Development
Geography and Environment
Historical Geography and Economic Development
Vignette 17.1. The Gaucho
Contemporary Economic and Social Geography
Patagonia: A Region on the Margins of the Good Earth
18. Latin America in the World Economy
The Colonial Mercantile System
Independence, Neocolonialism, and Export Economies
Vignette 18.1. Adiós, Uncle Sam: China’s Meteoric Rise in Latin America
Economic Retrenchment in the 20th Century: World Wars and Depression
Halting Steps at Regional Integration: 1960s–1980s
Economic Shock and Realignment: 1980–2000
Regional Integration: 1990 and Beyond
Global Markets and Global Lives
Vignette 18.2. Globalization, Trade, and the Central American Isthmus
Vignette 18.3. Pollo Campero: A Central American Fast-Food Restaurant Finds Success in the United States
Geography and Environment
Historical Geography and Economic Development
Vignette 19.1. Chico Mendes and the Rubber Tappers
Contemporary Economic and Social Geography
The Guiana Highlands: On the Periphery of the Periphery
20. The Latin American Diaspora
Vignette 20.1. Japan and the Latin American Diaspora
Latin American Origins in the United States
Numbers and Migration Histories
Distribution in the United States
Demographic Characteristics and Future Trends
Vignette 20.2. Elite Migration, Baseball, and the Latin American Diaspora
Globalization and Rapid Change
Democracy and Democratic Institutions
Changing Political Hegemonies
Environment and Economic Development
Latin America, Second Edition
：Regions and People
( Texts in Regional Geography )
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