Cover

TOC$Contents

CH$CHAPTER 1 Introduction and Purpose of the Book

Mind–Body Transactions

Person–Environment Transactions

Organization of the Book

CH$CHAPTER 2 Why Is Stress Important?

Intrinsic Interest

Relevance of Stress to Psychosocial Models of Adaptation

Relevance of Stress to Biomedical Models of Adaptation

Summary

CH$CHAPTER 3 Definitions of Stress

Components of the Stress Process

Stress as a State of the Organism

Stress as an External Event

Stress as a Transaction between the Person and the Environment

The Role of Emotions and Cognition in Reactions to Stress

Summary

CH$CHAPTER 4 The Physiology of Stress

Neuroendocrine Responses to Stress

Immune Responses to Stress

Cellular Resistance to Stress

Summary

CH$CHAPTER 5 Design and Measurement Issues in Stress Research

General Observations

Design Issues in Stress Research

Problems in Causal Directionality

Different Approaches to Stress Measurement

Which Measure to Use?

Clinical Interviews

Laboratory Stressors

Summary

CH$CHAPTER 6 Why Is Coping Important?

Intrinsic Interest

Mythopoetic Roots

Changes in Social Roles

Relevance of Coping to Psychosocial Models of Adaptation

Relevance to Biomedical Models of Adaptation

Differentiating between Adaptation, Coping, and Emotional Responses

Summary

CH$CHAPTER 7 Theoretical Approaches to Coping

Person-Based Definitions of Coping

Situational Determinants of Coping

Cognitive Approaches

More Recent Approaches to Coping and Adaptation

Summary

CH$CHAPTER 8 Measurement of Coping Strategies

Coping Styles versus Coping Processes

Retrospective versus Experience-Sampling Approaches

Factor Structure Instability

General versus Specific Coping Strategies

Rating Scales

Summary

Appendix 8.1. Bibliography of Coping Scales

CH$CHAPTER 9 Statistical Issues in Coping Research

Mechanisms of Coping Effects

Statistical Analyses for Testing Mediating and Moderating Effects

Longitudinal Analysis of Stress and Coping Data

Summary

CH$CHAPTER 10 Coping and Mental Health

Confounds between Assessment and Outcome

Situational Modifiers of Coping Effects

Patterns of Coping

Coping Effort

Causal Directionality and Coping Interventions

Individual Differences in Coping Effectiveness

What Is the Appropriate Outcome of Coping Strategies?

Summary

CH$CHAPTER 11 Coping and Physical Health

Adaptation to Illness

Coping and Illness Outcomes

Summary

CH$CHAPTER 12 Coping with Traumatic Stress

Defining Trauma

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Coping with Trauma

Summary

CH$CHAPTER 13 Sociocultural Aspects of Coping

Social Aspects of Coping

Culture and Stress

Culture and Coping

Institutions as Coping Mechanisms

Summary

CH$CHAPTER 14 Developmental Studies of Coping

Coping in Infancy and Childhood

Developmental Changes in Stress and Coping in Adulthood

Summary

CH$CHAPTER 15 Stress-Related Growth and Transformational Coping

Arguments for the Developmental Implications of Stress

Stress as an Impetus for Psychosocial Development

Stress as an Impetus for Physiological Development

Models of Positive and Negative Stress Outcomes

Summary

CH$CHAPTER 16 Self-Regulation, Self-Development, and Wisdom

Transactionism and Coping

Free Will versus Deterministic Models of Adaptation

Mindful Coping and Wisdom

Summary

References

IDX$Index