Cover

Half Title Page

Title Page

Copyright Page

About the Author

Contents

List of Forms

Introduction

STEP 1. ASSESSING THE ACADEMIC ENVIRONMENT

Teacher Interview

Academic Performance Rating Scale

Student Interview

Direct Observation: Manual for the Behavioral Observation of Students in Schools (BOSS)

Rationale

Identifying the Behaviors for Observation

Use of Technology in Conducting Systemic Observation

Guidelines for Paper-and-Pencil Direct Observation

Making a Coding Interval Recording

Completing Identifying Information

Observing Peer Comparison Students

Coding Academic Engagement

Coding Nonengagement

Coding Teacher-Directed Instruction

Review: Procedure for Conducting the Observation

Scoring the BOSS

Interpretation of BOSS Data

STEP 2. ASSESSING INSTRUCTIONAL PLACEMENT

Reading

Oral Retell Techniques

Retell Techniques: Examples and Exercises

Math

Using Digits Correct in Scoring Math Probes

Scoring Digits Correct in Addition and Subtraction Problems

Scoring Digits Correct in Multiplication Problems

Scoring Digits Correct in Division Problems

Math Concepts–Applications

Spelling

Using Correct Letter Sequences in Scoring Spelling

Scoring Correct Letter Sequences

Written Language

Scoring for Words Written

Scoring for Writing Mechanics

Assessing Quality of Longer Writing Samples

Scoring Brief Written Language Samples: Examples and Exercises

Summary Form for Academic Assessment

STEP 3. INSTRUCTIONAL MODIFICATION

The Folding-In Technique

Example: Folding-In Technique for Word Acquisition and Reading Fluency

Example: Folding-In Technique for Multiplication Facts

Cover–Copy–Compare

Example: Cover–Copy–Compare for Addition Facts, Sums to 18

Example: Cover–Copy–Compare for Spelling

STEP 4. PROGRESS MONITORING

Graphing Data

Setting Up Graphic Displays

Interpreting Graphic Data

Preparing CBM-Type Graphs

Answer for Exercise 13

Developing Local Norms

Creating the Measurement Net

Selecting the Sample

Data Collection

Data Analysis and Results

Using Goal Charts

Tools for Response to Intervention: Data-Based Decision Making

Levels of Implementation—Data Analysis

Grade-Level Group Goal Setting

Meeting Grade-Level Goals

Data Displays for Grade-Level Meetings

Tool for Individual Student Decisions

Exercise in Data-Based Decision Making

References