CONTENTS

Contributors

Preface

Part 1 Introduction

1 Economic impact of viroid diseases

Part II Properties of viroids

2 Molecular characteristics

3 Biology

4 Movement

5 Replication

6 Pathogenesis

7 Viroids and gene silencing

8 Classification

9 Viroid-like satellite RNAs

Part III Detection of viroids

10 Host considerations

11 Biological indexing

12 Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

13 Molecular hybridization

14 Polymerase chain reaction

Part IV Diseases and viroids associated with plant species

Viroids of solanaceous species

15 Viroids of solanaceous species

Cucumber viroids

16 Hop stunt viroid in cucumber

Pome fruit viroids

17 Apple scar skin viroid in apple

18 Apple scar skin viroid in pear

19 Apple dimple fruit viroid

20 Apple fruit crinkle viroid

21 Pear blister canker viroid

Stone fruit viroids

22 Peach latent mosaic viroid in peach

23 Peach latent mosaic viroid in temperate fruit hosts

24 Hop stunt viroid in plum and peach

25 Hop stunt viroid in apricot and almond

Avocado viroids

26 Avocado sunblotch viroid

Citrus viroids

27 Citrus viroids

Grapevine viroids

28 Grapevine viroids

Hop viroids

29 Hop stunt viroid

30 Hop latent viroid

Viroids of ornamentals

31 Chrysanthemum stunt viroid

32 Chrysanthemum chlorotic mottle viroid

33 Coleus blumei viroid

34 Columnea latent viroid

Palm tree viroids

35 Coconut cadang-cadang viroid

36 Coconut tinangaja viroid

Natural history of viroids

37 Natural history of viroids — horticultural aspects

Part V Mapping of geographical distribution and epidemiology of viroids

38 Viroids in North America and global distribution of viroid diseases

39 Viroids in South America

40 Viroids in Europe

41 Viroids in the Middle East

42 Viroids in Australasia

43 Viroids in China

44 Viroids in Japan

45 Viroids in Africa

Part VI Control measures

46 Strategies for the control of viroid diseases

47 Quarantine of imported germplasm

48 Availability of viroid-tested propagation materials

49 Viroid elimination by thermotherapy and tissue culture

Part VII Diseases of possible viroid etiology

50 Pear fruit crinkle

51 Citrus gummy bark

52 Eggplant latent

53 Nicotiana glutinosa stunt

54 CCCVd-related molecules in oil palms, coconut palms and other monocotyledons outside the Philippines

Part VIII Considerations for future applications of viroids

55 Biotechnological approaches for controlling viroid diseases

56 Ribozyme reactions of viroids

57 Considerations for the introduction of viroids for economic advantage

Index

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

Colour Plates