Contents

Series list

Acknowledgements

Introduction

Part 1 Ensuring the safety and quality of milk on the farm

Part 2 Sustainability

Part 3 Improving quality, safety and sustainability in developing countries

Summary

Part 1 Ensuring the safety and quality of milk on the farm

Chapter 1 Pathogens affecting raw milk from cows

1 Introduction

2 Pathogenic microorganisms in raw milk 

3 Sources of microbiological contamination of raw milk

4 The growth of bacteria in raw milk 

5 Heat treatment and other techniques to prevent bacterial contamination of milk

6 Occurrence of pathogenic microorganisms in raw milk and cheese made from raw milk

7 Outbreaks related to the consumption of raw milk and of cheese made from raw milk

8 Summary

9 Future trends 

10 Where to look for further information 

11 References

Chapter 2 Detecting pathogens in milk on dairy farms: key issues for developing countries

1 Introduction

2 Why test for pathogens on dairy farms?

3 Indirect and direct tests for detecting pathogens

4 Case study 1: controlling disease in dairy cattle and zoonotic risks in Tanzania

5 Case study 2: improving milk quality in India

6 Conclusions and future trends

7 Where to look for further information

8 References

Chapter 3 Mastitis, milk quality and yield

1 Introduction

2 Indicators of mastitis

3 Impact of mastitis on milk composition

4 Impact of mastitis on dairy product quality

5 Impact of mastitis on milk production yield

6 Conclusion and future trends

7 References

Chapter 4 Chemical contaminants in milk

2 Cows’ diet as a source of iodine contamination

3 Case study: iodine concentrations in milk

4 Case study: veterinary medicines in milk

5 Case study: cleaning and disinfecting products containing chlorine

6 Future trends and conclusion

7 References

Chapter 5 Detecting and preventing contamination of dairy cattle feed

1 Introduction

2 Health and economic impacts of contaminants in dairy feed

3 Diagnosing contaminants and ensuring feed safety

4 Key hazards in dairy feeds: aflatoxins and other mycotoxins

5 Key hazards in dairy feeds: Salmonella and other biological hazards

6 Key hazards in dairy feeds: chemical hazards, veterinary drug residues and heavy metals

7 Conclusions

8 Where to look for further information

9 References

Chapter 6 Minimizing the development of antimicrobial resistance on dairy farms: appropriate use of antibiotics for the treatment of mastitis

1 Introduction

2 Use of antimicrobials on dairy farms

3 Clinical relevance of antimicrobial resistance data

4 Trends in the antimicrobial resistance of mastitis pathogens

5 Ensuring effective use of antibiotics in the treatment of mastitis: diagnosis, antibiotic choice and duration of treatment

6 Ensuring effective use of antibiotics in the treatment of mastitis: targeting treatment

7 Conclusions

8 Where to look for further information

9 References

Chapter 7 Managing sustainable food safety on dairy farms

2 The basis for food safety on Canadian dairy farms

3 On-farm sustainability programmes in Canada

4 On-farm sustainability programmes in the United States of America

5 The on-farm sustainability programme in France

6 Australia’s food safety system

7 Conclusion

8 Where to look for further information

Part 2 Sustainability

Chapter 8 ‘Towards’ sustainability of dairy farming: an overview

1 Introduction

2 Defining sustainable dairy production

3 Current status of global dairy sustainability

4 The challenge of dairy sustainability

5 Future sustainable dairy farming

6 Future dairy farming beyond 2050

7 Conclusion

8 Where to look for further information

9 References

Chapter 9 Setting environmental targets for dairy farming

1 Introduction

2 A global typology of dairy production systems for use in environmental assessments

3 Life cycle assessment (LCA): an overview 

4 LCA: product carbon footprint

5 LCA: product water footprint

6 Assessing impacts on biodiversity

7 Setting environmental targets: challenges and limits

8 Conclusion

9 Where to look for further information

10 References

Chapter 10 Grassland management to minimize the environmental impact of dairy farming

1 Introduction: overview of the management of forage systems for dairy farming

2 Minimizing environmental impacts in perennial forage systems management: greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and climate change

3 Minimizing environmental impacts in perennial forage systems management: soil quality, biodiversity and land use optimization

4 Case studies in management-intensive grazing (MIG) for dairy farming

5 Summary

6 Future trends in research

7 Where to look for further information

8 References

Chapter 11 Improved energy and water management to minimize the environmental impact of dairy farming

1 Introduction

2 Understanding current energy use in dairy farming

3 Strategies to reduce energy use in dairy farming

4 Results, analysis and recommendations

5 Sustainable water use in dairy production

6 Conclusions: the relevance of energy reduction and water management strategies to dairy farm sustainability

7 Where to look for further information

8 References

Chapter 12 Ensuring biodiversity in dairy farming

1 Introduction

2 Impacts of dairy farming on biodiversity

3 Biodiversity enhancement

4 Strategies for engaging farmers in biodiversity enhancement

5 Case study 1: the effects of grazing on the bog turtle (USA)

6 Case study 2: impacts of organic dairy farming on biodiversity (Ireland and New Zealand)

7 Case study 3: riparian enhancement (New Zealand)

8 Case study 4: mixed methods for biodiversity enhancement (New Zealand)

9 Case study 5: three catchment case studies (South Island, New Zealand)

10 Conclusion

11 Where to look for further information

12 References

Chapter 13 Organic dairy farming and sustainability

1 Introduction

2 Local and global feed efficiency and ecological sustainability

3 Towards solutions 1: longevity and integrated dairy and beef production

4 Towards solutions 2: developing roughage-based feeding strategies

5 Towards solutions 3: organic dairy breeding

6 Towards solutions 4: approaching animal health and welfare

7 Research into sustainable organic dairy production

8 Future trends and conclusion

9 Where to look for further information

10 References

Chapter 14 Trends in dairy farming and milk production: the cases of the United Kingdom and New Zealand

1 Introduction

2 Global dairy production

3 EU dairy production

4 The dairy sector in the United Kingdom

5 The dairy sector in New Zealand

6 Summary and future trends

7 Where to look for further information

8 References 

Chapter 15 Assessing the overall impact of the dairy sector

1 Introduction

2 Socio-economic impact of the dairy sector

3 Ecological impact of the dairy sector

4 Dairy within sustainable diets

5 Global frameworks for sustainable food and dairy production

6 Where to look for further information

7 Future trends and conclusion

8 Acknowledgements

9 References

Part 3 Improving quality, safety and sustainability in developing countries

Chapter 16 Improving smallholder dairy farming in tropical Asia

1 Introduction

2 Dairy farming in Asia

3 Supporting smallholder dairy farmers

4 Key constraints facing smallholder dairy farmers in tropical Asia

5 Benchmarking performance

6 Case study: cow colonies

7 Summary and future trends

8 Where to look for further information

9 References and further reading

Chapter 17 Improving smallholder dairy farming in Africa

1 Introduction

2 Sub-Saharan Africa

3 Management practices in smallholder dairy systems

4 Improving dairy production via breeding under smallholder systems

5 Improving productivity in smallholder dairy systems

6 Key organizations supporting smallholders

7 Future trends

8 Where to look for further information

9 Acknowledgements

10 References

Chapter 18 Organic dairy farming in developing countries

1 Introduction

2 Characteristics of milk from different species

3 Organic dairy production

4 Dairy production systems in Africa

5 Conclusion and future trends

6 Where to look for further information

7 References

Index