Chapter
Revenue sharing in the closed model
Revenue sharing in the open model
The Szymanski-Késenne revenue-sharing analysis
2.5 Restraints on expenditure on players’ salaries
Luxury tax: a tax on salary expenditure over a set threshold
Payroll cap: a limit on each team’s total salary expenditure as a percentage of the average team’s revenue
G14 payroll cap: constraint on the ratio of each team’s salary expenditure to its own revenue
3 Competitive balance, uncertainty of outcome and home-field advantage
3.1 Measuring competitive balance and competitive inequality
3.3 Distributional properties of the goals scored by the home and away teams
3.4 Good and poor sequences, and persistence in football match results
4 Forecasting models for football match results
4.1 Previous literature on modelling and forecasting match results in football
4.2 A goals-based forecasting model
4.3 Probabilistic forecasts for match results in ‘scores’ format
Calculation of the numerical values of the model’s covariates
Calculation of the mathematical expectations of the goals scored by the home and away teams
Conversion of expectations of goals scored into match result probabilities
4.4 A results-based forecasting model
4.5 Probabilistic forecasts for match results in ‘win-draw-lose’ format
4.6 Evaluation of the goals-based and results-based forecasting models
5 Game theory and football games
5.2 A game-theoretic model of in-play strategic choice for football teams
5.3 The timings of player dismissals and goals
5.4 An empirical model for the in-play arrival rates of player dismissals and goals
5.5 Estimation results and interpretation
Empirical arrival rates for player dismissals
Empirical arrival rates for goals scored
5.6 Stochastic simulations for in-play match result probabilities conditional on the current state of the match
6 English professional football: historical development and commercial structure
6.1 English professional football: competitive structure and team performance
Origins and competitive structure
Explanations for changes in attendances
6.3 Financial structure of English football: overview of profit and loss accounts
6.4 Gate revenues and admission prices
The early history of football on television
Televised football during the era of pay-TV
Implications for competition and welfare
6.6 Football’s labour market: players’ salaries and the transfer system
6.7 Ownership, governance and finance
7 Determinants of professional footballers’ salaries
7.1 The compensation of professional footballers
7.2 The economics of superstars
7.3 Rank-order tournaments and intra-team earnings distributions
7.4 Determinants of players’ compensation: empirical evidence
Football players’ salaries
Salaries in North American major league sports
8 Professional footballers: employment patterns and racial discrimination
8.1 Employment mobility, migration and career structure in English football
8.2 International migration of professional footballers
8.3 Racial discrimination in professional team sports
Empirical evidence on racial discrimination: North American professional team sports
Empirical evidence on racial discrimination: English and European football
9.1 The role of the football manager
9.2 Measuring the managerial contribution: the production frontier approach
9.3 Patterns of managerial change in English football
9.4 Determinants of managerial change
9.5 Estimation of hazard functions for managerial departure
9.6 The effect of managerial change on team performance
9.7 Managerial succession effects in English football
10.1 The role of the football referee
10.2 Favouritism and referee behaviour
10.3 The incidence of disciplinary sanction in English Premier League football
Relative team quality and home-field advantage
Importance of the match for end-of-season outcomes
Individual teams and managerial spells
Time consistency of players’ behaviour and refereeing
11 Spectator demand for football
11.1 Econometric analysis of football attendances
Measuring the demand for football attendance
Demographic and geographic determinants of attendance
Price, income and unemployment
Team quality and uncertainty of outcome
Live TV broadcasts, stadium attendances and TV audiences
Other influences on attendance
11.2 Modelling the demand for attendance at English league football, 1947–1997
11.3 Explaining base attendances, and the loyalty, league position, price and goals scored coefficients
12.1 Previous evidence on the informational efficiency of football and other sports betting markets
Betting market efficiency and the favourite-longshot bias
Efficiency of betting markets in North American professional team sports
Informational efficiency of football betting markets
Online betting exchanges and person-to-person betting
Sentiment bias in betting markets
12.2 A forecasting model for half-time/full-time match outcomes
12.3 Comparing the model’s probabilistic forecasts with betting odds
12.4 Testing the informational efficiency of the half-time/full-time fixed-odds betting market
13 Football around the world: France, Germany, Brazil, Japan and China
14 The economics of the World Cup
14.2 Costs and benefits of hosting a mega sporting event
14.3 Prospective economic impact studies
14.4 Retrospective economic impact studies
14.5 Intangible benefits of mega events
The Economics of Football
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