The Hawkesbury River :A Social and Natural History

Publication subTitle :A Social and Natural History

Author: Boon Paul  

Publisher: CSIRO PUBLISHING‎

Publication year: 2017

E-ISBN: 9780643107601

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9780643107595

Subject: N09 History;P3 Geophysics;Q1 General Biology;X Environmental Science, Safety Science;X3 Environmental Protection Management

Keyword: 普通生物学,环境保护管理,自然科学史,地球物理学,环境科学、安全科学

Language: ENG

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Description

The Hawkesbury River is the longest coastal river in New South Wales. A vital source of water and food, it has a long Aboriginal history and was critical for the survival of the early British colony at Sydney. The Hawkesbury’s weathered shores, cliffs and fertile plains have inspired generations of artists. It is surrounded by an unparalleled mosaic of national parks, including the second-oldest national park in Australia, Ku-ring-gai National Park. Although it lies only 35 km north of Sydney, to many today the Hawkesbury is a ‘hidden river’ – its historical and natural significance not understood or appreciated. Until now, the Hawkesbury has lacked an up-to-date and comprehensive book describing how and when the river formed, how it functions ecologically, how it has influenced humans and their patterns of settlement and, in turn, how it has been affected by those settlements and their people. The Hawkesbury River: A Social and Natural History fills this gap. With chapters on the geography, geology, hydrology and ecology of the river through to discussion of its use by Aboriginal and European people and its role in transport, defence and culture, this highly readable and richly illustrated book paints a picture of a landscape worthy of protection and conservation. It will be of value to those who live, visit or work in the region, those interested in Australian environmental history, and professionals in biology, natural resource management and education.

Chapter

Rising sea levels and the formation of the modern Hawkesbury

The importance of freshwater flows

4 Hydrology – floods, droughts and river regulation

Climate of the Hawkesbury region

Floods and droughts

Why is the Hawkesbury so flood-prone?

How is flood risk managed?

River regulation and water extraction

5 The vexed matter of water quality

What is water quality?

Nutrients and sewage-treatment plants

Algal blooms: their origins and consequences

Toxicants

6 Biota – plants, animals and mythical creatures

Mangroves

Saltmarshes

Brackish-water swamps and marshes

Freshwater wetlands

Seagrasses

Terrestrial vegetation of the catchment

Oysters

Fish and recreational angling

Mythical aquatic creatures

7 Jewels in the crown - the protected areas

A long-admired river

Different types of protected areas

Protected areas of the Hawkesbury catchment

Why have protected areas?

8 An Aboriginal river

Aboriginal life on the Hawkesbury before British colonisation

Impacts of the first humans on the Hawkesbury and its catchment

9 European discovery and early exploration

1770: James Cook and Broken Bay

1788: the establishment of the British colony in New South Wales

The first expeditions

Further exploration and mapping

10 European occupation and exploitation

Early colonial occupation

Surveying the catchment

The Aboriginal cost

The spread of European-style agriculture

The built legacy of European occupation

European impacts on the Hawkesbury and its catchment

11 Barrier I – road and ferry crossings

A formidable barrier to transport

Colonial road access to and from the Hawkesbury

Crossing the lower Hawkesbury: Pacific Highway and Peats Ferry Bridge

Sydney-Newcastle Freeway and M3 bridge

Crossing the upper Hawkesbury: Bells Line of Road, Kurrajong Road Bridge and Bridge Street Bridge

Crossing the tributaries and other historical titbits

Crossings other than bridges: vehicular ferries

GUILTY, Death, aged 30: the remarkable life of Solomon Wiseman

12 Barrier II – railway crossings

The 1889 Brooklyn railway bridge

The 1946 replacement bridge

A railway line to the west: the Richmond-Kurrajong line

One peculiar type of barrier

13 Conduit – boats and shipping

Why was shipping so important?

Early shipping and ship-building

Paddle-steamers replace sail

Screw-driven steamships replace paddle-steamers

Why did commercial shipping decline?

River-boat traders

Smugglers

The Lucinda, an Easter weekend and Australian Federation

The rise and fall of organised tourism

Recent passenger ferry and commercial tourist services

Contemporary recreational boating

14 A strategic river – defending the northern gateway to Sydney

The strategic importance of rivers

The Hawkesbury in military novels

19th-century military planning

20th-century military planning

The Cold War: a proposed nuclear reactor at Spencer

Military minutiae

15 The river as muse – artists, musicians and writers inspired by the Hawkesbury

Rivers and artistic creativity

The Hawkesbury in Australian popular culture: television and film

Photographers

Painters, etchers and other artists

Banknotes

Novels and poems

Music

16 Epilogue - whither the Hawkesbury?

Climate change

Population growth

A concluding note

References

Index

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