Innovative Vaulting in the Architecture of the Roman Empire :1st to 4th Centuries CE

Publication subTitle :1st to 4th Centuries CE

Author: Lynne C. Lancaster  

Publisher: Cambridge University Press‎

Publication year: 2015

E-ISBN: 9781316455500

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9781107059351

Subject: TU-098.2 assorted architectur

Keyword: 建筑史

Language: ENG

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Innovative Vaulting in the Architecture of the Roman Empire

Description

This book studies six vaulting techniques employed in architecture outside of Rome and asks why they were invented where they were and how they were disseminated. Most of the techniques involve terracotta elements in various forms, such as regular flat bricks, hollow voussoirs, vaulting tubes, and armchair voussoirs. Each one is traced geographically via GIS mapping, the results of which are analysed in relation to chronology, geography, and historical context. The most common building type in which the techniques appear is the bath, demonstrating its importance as a catalyst for technological innovation. This book also explores trade networks, the pottery industry, and military movements in relation to building construction, revealing how architectural innovation was influenced by wide ranging cultural factors, many of which stemmed from local influences rather than imperial intervention. Additional resources including extensive searchable databases with bibliographical data and colour illustrations available at www.cambridge.org/vaulting.

Chapter

1 Introduction

How to Use This Book

Goals and Intentions

Method and Approach

Provincial Administration and the Building Industry

Building Vaults: Structure and Construction

Structural Behavior

Material Properties

Centering

Final Thoughts

2 Opus Caementicium

Terminology

What Is Pozzolana?

How to Recognize Volcanic Ash

How Do Pozzolans Work?

Survey of Reactive Additives for Mortar

Caementa: Sources of Stones and Structural Strategies

Conclusions

3 Barrel Vaults of Brick

Methods of Construction: Terminology

Radial Brick: Early Graeco-Roman Examples

Radial Brick: Purpose

Pitched Mud Brick: Pre-Roman Developments

Vertical Brick: Early Examples

Vertical Brick: Diffusion

Vertical Brick: Purpose

Technology Transfer and the Near East

Conclusions

4 Complex Vault Forms of Brick

Vault Types: Terminology

Complex Vault Forms: Pre-Roman Developments

Mud Brick Sail Vaults in Early Roman Egypt

Fired Brick Sail Vaults outside Roman Egypt

Pitched Brick Domes and Semidomes

Conclusions

5 Vaulting Tubes

Early Development of Vaulting Tubes

Introduction of Vaulting Tubes with Nozzles

Role of the Military in the Diffusion outside North Africa

The North African Economy

An Export Commodity?

Purpose of the Nozzle Tubes

Effects on Architectural Space

A New Vault Form Is Born

Advent of Lightweight Shell Vaults

Conclusions

6 Hollow Voussoirs

Analytical Tools for Studying Hollow Voussoirs

Early Examples

The Next Generation

Purpose

Production Modes and Diffusion

Conclusions

7 Vaulting Ribs of Armchair Voussoirs

Precursors: Flanged Terracotta Bars

Early Terracotta Armchair Voussoirs

Stone Armchair Voussoirs

Purpose of Armchair Voussoir Ribbing

Heated Vaults?

Production Modes and Diffusion

Conclusions

8 Vault Behavior and Structural Form

Vaults as Part of Structural Systems

Thrust Line Analysis as a Tool for Evaluating Structural Behavior

Case Study 1: Hollow Voussoirs vs. Solid Brick - A Comparison of Structural Efficacy

Case Study 2: The Sanctuary of Sulis Minerva at Bath

Case Study 3: The North Baths at Cimiez

Case Study 4: The Cult Complex at Argos

Structural Analysis as an Aid to Cultural Understanding

9 Vaulting Techniques in Context

The Role of Bath Building in Technology Transfer

The Building Industry, Terracotta Production, and Agricultural Export

Deforestation as a Factor in Construction Innovation?

Networks and Technology Transfer

Chronological Patterns

Notes

Works Cited

Index

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