Chapter
1.4. Evolutive interpretation
1.4.1 What evolutive interpretation is
1.4.2 What evolutive interpretation is not
2.1. Suggested solutions after the coming into force of the VCLT
2.2. Discussion within the ILC and at the Vienna Conference
2.2.1 Draft article on intertemporal law
2.2.2 Modification through practice
2.3. Suggested solutions prior to drafting the VCLT
2.4. Transferring solutions from other jurisdictions
2.4.1 Originalism and non-originalism
2.4.2 Méthode scientifique and méthode evolutive: Ways of re-reading the French Code Civil
2.4.3 Concluding outlook: Discourses in the UK and Germany
3 Mode of inquiry: functional reconstruction
3.1. The problem of circularity
3.2. Functional reconstruction
3.3. Functional reconstruction in practice
Part II The rule of interpretation in the VCLT: method and methodology
4 Historical account of the means of interpretation
4.1. Functional reconstruction in historical perspective
4.2. The mechanical phase
4.4. The phase of codification
4.5. Summary and explanation
5 Cardinal cores of the rule: features of the process
5.1. The nature of the rule core: legality
5.2. The means core: techniques
5.2.1 Techniques of interpretation
5.2.4 Inferences from the nature of the treaty
5.2.5 Inferences from the classification of the treaty
5.2.6 Inferences from the structure of the treaty
5.2.9 Techniques as means of the VCLT
5.3. The activity core: balancing and weighing
5.4. The core of argumentative weight and hierarchy: 2.5 steps
5.5. The core of openness: broad and treaty related
5.6. Synthesis: art not science
5.7. Finale: the function as the core of the cores
6 Interpretative knots: the system of the VCLT revisited
6.2. Interpretation in good faith
6.3. Ordinary and special meaning of the terms of the treaty
6.6. Subsequent agreements and practice
6.7. Relevant rules of international law
6.8. Travaux préparatoires
6.9. Circumstances of the conclusion of the treaty
6.10. Other supplementary means of interpretation: facing the intertemporal knot
7 Shout of encore: evolutive interpretation in the context of the VCLT
7.3. Temporal applicability
7.7. Invalidity, termination and suspension
7.7.1 Contractual right of denunciation and withdrawal
7.7.2 Material breach and material impossibility
7.7.3 Fundamental change of circumstances
7.7.4 Severance of diplomatic and consular relations
7.7.5 Peremptory norms of general international law
7.8. Conclusions and reflection on intertemporal openness
8 Profiling courts: a framework of analysis
8.1. Power: the actor dimension
8.2. Perception: the material dimension
8.3. Pace: the temporal dimension
9 The International Court of Justice: peacemakers and disputants
9.1. Institutional aspects
9.2.1 Intertemporal instances
9.2.2 Related forms of interpretation
9.3.1 Peaceful coexistence: Rights of US Nationals in Morocco
9.3.2 The clash: From South West Africa to Namibia
9.3.3 Cooperation: between the Aegean Continental Shelf and the Kasikili/Sedudu Islands
9.3.4 Beyond cooperation: the Navigational and Related Rights Case
9.3.5 Epilogue: two camps at the bench
9.4. Justificatory patterns
9.4.1 Rule of interpretation
10 The European Court of Human Rights: an aging activist
10.1. Institutional aspects
10.2. Stocktaking: intertemporal instances
Art. 3: prohibition of torture
Art. 4: prohibition of slavery and forced labour
Art. 5: right to liberty and security
Art. 6: right to a fair trial
Art. 8: right to respect for private life and family life
Art. 9: freedom of thought, conscience and religion
Art. 10: freedom of expression
Art. 11: freedom of assembly and association
Art. 14: prohibition of discrimination
Art. 1 Protocol 1: protection of property
Art. 3 Protocol 1: right to free elections
Art. 1: obligation to respect human rights
Art. 34: individual applications
Rule 39 of the Rules of Procedure: interim measures
10.3.1 The living instrument doctrine
10.3.2 Retroactive application of evolutive interpretations
10.3.3 Other important concepts
10.3.4 The problem of devolution
10.4. Justificatory patterns
10.4.2 Rule of interpretation
10.4.3 The consensus method
10.5. Summary and outlook
Part IV Summary and conclusions
11 Summary and conclusions
11.1. Part I: definition of the problem, suggested solutions, mode of inquiry
11.2. Part II: the rule of interpretation
11.3. Part III: court practice
11.4. Intertemporal openness as the solution and not the problem
Appendix 1 Schemes of interpretation
Appendix 2 Sample reservation clauses
Appendix 3 Sample conditional interpretative declaration clauses
Static and Evolutive Treaty Interpretation
：A Functional Reconstruction
( Cambridge Studies in International and Comparative Law )
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