Cover

Half-title

Series information

Title page

Copyright information

Table of contents

List of figures and tables

List of contributors

Acknowledgements

1 The emergence of humanitarian intervention: three centuries of ‘enforcing humanity’

The dilemma of intervention: a historical and recent political debate

A short- or long-term history of humanitarian intervention? Definition and the state of research

Three centuries of humanitarian intervention: guiding research themes and outline of the book

Part I Theoretical approach and legal discourse on the concept of humanitarian intervention

2 Humanitarianism and human rights: a troubled rapport

The care of human society

Returning to the Millennium Report and the problem of humanitarian intervention

3 Humanitarian intervention and the issue of state sovereignty in the discourse of legal experts between the 1830s and the First World War

Armed intervention, the United Nations, and legal roots of the present-day debate

Legal experts favourable to humanitarian intervention and critical of an unrestricted state sovereignty

Legal experts critical of humanitarian intervention

Conclusion

4 The legal justification of international intervention: theories of community and admissibility

The possibility of a right against a right

Humanitarian intervention and the protection of religious minorities

Intervention politics and admissible intervention

Conclusion

Part II Fighting the slave trade and protecting religious minorities: major impulses for humanitarian intervention in the nineteenth century

5 Enforcing abolition: the entanglement of civil society action, humanitarian norm-setting, and military intervention

Demanding intervention: the entanglement of civil society action and international politics

The Congress of Vienna and the establishment of an international humanitarian norm

The struggle for the international enforcement of abolition

Conclusion

6 Lord Vivian’s tears: the moral hazards of humanitarian intervention

The perils of service in Congo

The moral hazards of ending the slave trade

Conclusion: the moral hazards of humanitarian intervention

7 From protection to humanitarian intervention? Enforcing Jewish rights in Romania and Morocco around 1880

Defending the defenceless: Jewish rights and the obligations of humanity

Parallel problems, different resonances: Jews in the Balkans and North Africa

Between protection and humanitarian intervention: the Congress of Berlin and the Conference of Madrid

Part III Transferring a concept to the twentieth century

8 Prudence or outrage? Public opinion and humanitarian intervention in historical and comparative perspective

Understanding the basics: public opinion and foreign policy

Public opinion and the origins of humanitarian thought

The Greek crisis and the rise of the humanitarian debate

The Castlereagh response: elite consensus and latent public opinion

The Chios massacre, crisis duration, and the changing political and strategic landscape

The splendid little war: The Spanish-American War of 1898

We don’t have a dog in that fight: the Bosnian War, 1992-1995

Conclusion

9 Non-state actors’ humanitarian operations in the aftermath of the First World War: the case of the Near East Relief

The Near East Relief, an American humanitarian organization

Conclusion: from the NER to the NEF

10 Humanitarian intervention as legitimation of violence - the German case 1937-1939

Austria

The Sudeten Germans in Czechoslovakia

Prague, Danzig, the Corridor, and Poland

Conclusion

Part IV Limited options or further development? Humanitarian intervention during the Cold War

11 Cold War peacekeeping versus humanitarian intervention: beyond the Hammarskjöldian model

The pre-UN origins of international peacekeeping

Bipolarity and the limitations of collective security

The 1950s: peacekeeping conceptualized

The Congo experience: probing the borders of ENFORCEMENT

West New Guinea: the variable morality of intervention

Beyond the Hammarskjöldian model: a good place to be?

12 From the protection of sovereignty to humanitarian intervention? Traditions and developments of United Nations Peacekeeping in the twentieth century

Problems of defining peacekeeping and humanitarian intervention

UN peacekeeping: an overview

Facets of UN Blue Helmet operations during the Cold War

Site of intervention

Reaction of the targeted state vis-à-vis intervention

Type of action

Aims of intervention

Gradual transition: post-Cold War peacekeeping

A DIFFERENT path: the example of Canada

Conclusion

Part V A new century of humanitarian intervention?

13 A not so humanitarian intervention

The Indonesian invasion of East Timor and international response

The vote and intervention

Conclusion

14 The responsibility to protect: foundation, transformation, and application of an emerging norm

Conceptual foundation

Conceptual transformation

Empirical application

Conclusion

15 Humanitarian interventions, past and present

Index