Description
Drawing on a rich set of interviews and surveys, this book shows how the global AIDS treatment advocacy movement helped millions in the developing world gain access to life-saving medication. The movement achieved this by transforming the market for AIDS drugs from one which was 'low volume, high price' to one based on access for all. The authors suggest that a movement's ability to transform markets depends upon whether: (1) markets are contestable; (2) they have framed their arguments to resonate across their target audiences; (3) the movement itself has a coherent goal; (4) the costs are low, or the benefit-to-cost ratio is favourable; and, finally, (5) institutions are present to reward continued achievement of the new market principle. These insights are applied to a range of other cases including malaria, maternal mortality, water/diarrheal disease, non-communicable diseases, education, climate change, the ivory trade, sex trafficking and the Atlantic slave trade.
Chapter
How transnational movements succeed: some hypotheses about market transformation
Hypotheses about market structure
Hypotheses about framing and norms
Hypotheses about movement coherence
Hypotheses about strategy
Hypotheses about institutions
Appendix A: A brief history of AIDS and the AIDS treatment movement
2 Industry structure and movement opportunities
Defining terms: market concentration and fluid rules
Analyzing industry structure: big pharma as a hard case
Advocacy opportunities to contest pricing and patents
Unpacking market concentration: pharmaceutical pricing and the ARV market
Understanding fluid rules: drug access and the TRIPS regime
3 Drugs = life: framing access to AIDS drugs
Framing: why is it important?
What frames are compelling?
What were the competing frames on access?
The argument: access campaigns for life-saving goods are most compelling
Access to treatment is a human right
The scale of the epidemic
Personal responsibility for the disease
The universality of the problem
Unequal access is what matters
Assessing these disparate explanations through surveys
Survey 1: first access experiment
Survey 2: pre-test of attitudes toward diseases
Survey 3: second United States access experiment
Survey 4: India experiment
Survey 5: third United States access experiment
4 Movement coherence and mobilization
Defining movement coherence
Case studies of incoherence
Climate change - increasing division
Maternal mortality: an issue in search of movement unity
Global AIDS advocacy prevention: mired in ideological spats
US domestic AIDS advocacy after the fissure of ACT UP
Movement coherence and global treatment access
Convergence: drug access and prices
5 Advocacy strategies to address costs
Addressing the issue of costs to governments
Removing price as a barrier
Providing proof of concept
Addressing the issue of costs to firms
Suing Mandela and attacking TRIPS
Differential pricing: theory and practice
6 Institutions to stabilize the market
Explaining AIDS governance, rule changes, and ARV access
Mobilizing finance: the Global Fund, PEPFAR, and UNITAID
WHO prequalification standards
The FDA fast-track procedure
7 Lessons for other campaigns
Applying our argument to other cases
Clean water and diarrheal disease: a right to water?
Non-communicable diseases: the next big thing in global health?
Climate change: how about changing the market, too?
The elephant ivory trade: a market transforms and a movement loses ground
Sex trafficking and modern slavery*
Abolition of the transatlantic slave trade
8 Conclusions: implications for research and policy
New norms for global health
Market transformations and social movements: thoughts on further research
AIDS Drugs For All
：Social Movements and Market Transformations
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