Preventing Regulatory Capture :Special Interest Influence and How to Limit it

Publication subTitle :Special Interest Influence and How to Limit it

Author: Daniel Carpenter; David A. Moss  

Publisher: Cambridge University Press‎

Publication year: 2013

E-ISBN: 9781107496897

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9781107036086

Subject: D0 Political Theory

Keyword: 政治理论

Language: ENG

Access to resources Favorite

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Preventing Regulatory Capture

Description

When regulations (or lack thereof) seem to detract from the common good, critics often point to regulatory capture as a culprit. In some academic and policy circles it seems to have assumed the status of an immutable law. Yet for all the ink spilled describing and decrying capture, the concept remains difficult to nail down in practice. Is capture truly as powerful and unpreventable as the informed consensus seems to suggest? This edited volume brings together seventeen scholars from across the social sciences to address this question. Their work shows that capture is often misdiagnosed and may in fact be preventable and manageable. Focusing on the goal of prevention, the volume advances a more rigorous and empirical standard for diagnosing and measuring capture, paving the way for new lines of academic inquiry and more precise and nuanced reform.

Chapter

1 A Revisionist History of Regulatory Capture

A Brief Genealogy of the Capture Thesis

The Long (Rather Than Short) History of Economic Regulation in America

Corruption: The Original Capture Theory

Conclusion

2 The Concept of Regulatory Capture

3 Detecting and Measuring Capture

Understandings of Capture

Problems With Capture Inferences

Toward a Better Pattern of Study, Claims, and Inferences

Section II New Conceptions of Capture - Mechanisms and Outcomes

4 Cultural Capture and the Financial Crisis

Capture?

Mechanisms of Influence

How Cultural Capture Works

Identity

Status

Relationships

Implications

5 Complexity, Capacity, and Capture

Introduction

The Model

Proximity Learning

Influence Capture

Conclusions

Appendix

6 Preventing Economists’ Capture

The Forces That Lead to Regulatory Capture

Career Concerns

Information

Environmental Pressure

Asymmetries

How These Forces Capture Economists

Career Concerns

Career Outside of Academia

Publish or Perish

An Empirical Analysis

Biases at the Promotion Level

Economists Not Interested in Money

Information Needs

Environmental Pressure

Asymmetries

Preventing Economists’ Capture

General Measures

The Power of the Media

Indirect Benefits of Antitrust Enforcement

Specific Measures

Shaming Economists Without Principles

Mandatory Disclosure of Expert Witnesses

A Data Code

A New Governance of the Publishing Market

The Importance of Being Nerds

Awareness

Conclusions

7 Corrosive Capture? The Dueling Forces of Autonomy and Industry Influence in FDA Pharmaceutical Regulation

The Idea of Corrosive Capture

Pharmaceutical Regulation: A Review of Institutional Development

The Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1938

Post-1938 Developments

Pharmaceutical Regulation: A Review of Statistical Evidence

Firm Sales Regressions

Measuring Firm Size

Measuring Familiarity: Submissions and Mergers

U.S. versus non-U.S. firms

Related Considerations and Conclusion

Section III Regulatory Case Studies

8 Capturing History

Introduction

The Traditional Story: Capture of the Expansion Decision

A New Look at the Historical Record: The Presence of Disconfirming Evidence

A Broad Coalition Against the Expansion Proposal

Broadcasters Were Divided

Expected Broadcaster Rents May Have Been Smaller than Assumed

What Comes Next: A Detailed Review of the Evidence

The Federal Radio Commission

Expanding the Broadcasting Band: A Decidedly Unpopular Proposal

Radio Engineers

Radio Manufacturers

Amateur Radio Operators and Experimenters

Radio Listeners

Radio Broadcasters

Misunderstood Motives: The Role of Advertising in Early Radio

Conclusion

9 Conditional Forbearance as an Alternative to Capture

Introduction

Background

The Coal Industry: Technology and Safety

Federal Mine Safety Regulation in the United States

The MSHA Enforcement Process

Accusations of Agency Capture

Empirical Strategy: Challenges to Identification and Interpretation

Data

Results

Preliminary Results: Public Awareness and Company Performance

Main Results

Discussion

Conclusion

10 Captured by Disaster? Reinterpreting Regulatory Behavior in the Shadow of the Gulf Oil Spill

The Basis for the Oil and Gas Industry’s Capture of MMS

Department of the Interior Deficiencies and MMS’s Organizational Development

The Creation of MMS as Background for Assessing Its Capture

Congressional Oversight and MMS Appropriations

Connecting Revenue Collection to MMS’s Capture

Political Trends, Changing Technology, and Balancing Multiple Objectives at MMS

Considering Political and Public Preferences in a Theory of MMS’s Capture

Evaluating the Redesign of Federal Oil and Gas Functions

11 Reconsidering Agency Capture During Regulatory Policymaking

Theoretical Foundations and a Two-Prong Test

Agency Capture

Capture in Quantitative Rulemaking Studies

Two-Prong Test and Testable Expectations

Data and Variables

Rule Selection

Content Analysis

Telephone Survey

State Administrators Survey

Results

Subpopulation Participation

Subpopulation Influence

Is Rulemaking Captured?

Conclusion

12 Coalitions, Autonomy, and Regulatory Bargains in Public Health Law

Analytical Foundations: Institutional Constraints and Partial Autonomy

Food Safety and the Renegotiation of Regulatory Bargains

Tobacco Regulation and the Interplay of Regulatory Innovation and Legislation

Building Capacity to Influence Regulation Through Public Health Surveillance

Implications: Coalitions, Autonomy, and the State

Conclusion

Section IV The Possibility of Preventing Capture

13 Preventing Capture Through Consumer Empowerment Programs

Introduction

A Brief History of Consumer Empowerment Programs

Three Consumer Empowerment Models in Insurance Regulation

The Texas Office of Public Insurance Counsel

California’s Public Participation Program

The NAIC Consumer Participation Program

Preliminary Thoughts on Consumer Empowerment Programs in Insurance Regulation

Deploying and Designing Proxy Advocates

Deploying and Designing Tripartism

Conclusion

14 Courts and Regulatory Capture

The Basics of Judicial Review

Regulatory Capture

Judicial Review and Regulatory Capture

Judicial Review as a Cost on Change

Judicial Review as a Brake on Capture

Missing Capture

Revising Judicial Review

15 Can Executive Review Help Prevent Capture?

Introduction

Traditional Accounts of Regulatory Review and Capture

Brief History

Capture and Presidential Power

Problems in the Presidential Power Justification

Institutional Features of OIRA That Facilitate an Anti-capture Role

Benefits of a Generalist Perspective

Coordinating Agencies

Cost-Benefit Analysis

Appointment of OIRA Administrators

Next Steps

Retrospective Review

Agency Inaction

Conclusion

Conclusion

New Perspectives on Regulatory Capture

A New Empirical Approach to Diagnosing Capture

Strategies and Mechanisms for Preventing Capture

Looking Ahead

Afterword

Index

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