The Earth :Its Birth and Growth

Publication subTitle :Its Birth and Growth

Author: Minoru Ozima; Jun Korenaga; Qing-Zhu Yin  

Publisher: Cambridge University Press‎

Publication year: 2012

E-ISBN: 9781139368261

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9780521760256

Subject: P183 Earth

Keyword: 天文学、地球科学

Language: ENG

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The Earth

Description

A clear understanding of the Earth's past evolution can provide the key to its possible future development. The Earth: Its Birth and Growth explores the evolution of the Earth over 4.6 billion years using basic reasoning and simple illustrations to help explain the underlying physical and chemical principles and major processes involved. Fully updated and revised, this rigorous but accessible second edition includes three completely new chapters. It incorporates exciting developments in isotope geology, placing results within a wider framework of Earth evolution and plate tectonics. Some background in physics and chemistry is assumed, but basic theories and processes are explained concisely in self-contained sections. Key research papers and review articles are fully referenced. This book is ideal as supplementary reading for undergraduate and graduate students in isotope geochemistry, geodynamics, plate tectonics and planetary science. It also provides an enjoyable overview of Earth's evolution for professional scientists and general readers.

Chapter

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THE AMOUNT OF RADIOACTIVE ELEMENTS IN ROCKS

RADIOACTIVE ELEMENTS IN THE WHOLE EARTH

HEAT GENERATION IN THE EARTH'S INTERIOR

COMPARISON WITH SOLAR ENERGY

NOTES

2: At the time of the Earth’s birth

NUCLEOSYNTHESIS IN THE GALAXY

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM

FROM A GASEOUS NEBULA TO PLANETESIMALS

FROM PLANETESIMALS TO PLANETS

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE EARTH

AGE OF THE EARTH

HOLMES, HOUTERMANS, AND PATTERSON

NOTES

3: Formation of the layered structure of the Earth

DISTINCTIVE LAYERED STRUCTURE

HOMOGENEOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS ACCRETION HYPOTHESIS

CHEMICAL DIFFERENTIATION AND PLANETARY ACCRETION

IRON CORE AND SILICATE MANTLE SEPARATION

HAFNIUM–TUNGSTEN CHRONOMETER: A GEOLOGICAL SANDGLASS

FORMATION OF THE INNER CORE

THE EARTH'S CORE AND THE GEOMAGNETIC FIELD

MANTLE, CRUST, AND ATMOSPHERE

NOTES

4: Time scale of the Earth’s evolution

MEASURING THOUSANDS OF MILLIONS OF YEARS

GEOLOGICAL CLOCK USING NUCLEAR DISINTEGRATION

CORROBORATION OF THE GEOLOGICAL CLOCK

POTASSIUM–ARGON METHOD

REVERSALS OF THE EARTH'S MAGNETIC FIELD

AGE OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

SHORT-LIVED ISOTOPE: A GEOLOGICAL SANDGLASS

CAI: THE OLDEST MINERAL IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM

NOTES

5: Plate tectonics revolution

PALEOMAGNETISM AND APPARENT POLAR WANDER

CONTINENTAL DRIFT HYPOTHESIS

SEAFLOOR SPREADING THEORY

PLATE TECTONICS THEORY

WHAT DRIVES PLATES?

NOTES

6: Evolution of the mantle

MANTLE EVOLUTION AND CRUSTAL GROWTH

NEODYMIUM ISOTOPE AS A MARKER FOR MANTLE EVOLUTION

WHY AND HOW MANTLE MELTS

OCEANIC CRUST AND CONTINENTAL CRUST

INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE MANTLE

CHEMICAL STRATIFICATION IN THE MANTLE?

STRUCTURE OF MANTLE CONVECTION

NOTES

7: Origin of the atmosphere and oceans

SECONDARY ORIGIN OF THE ATMOSPHERE

DEGASSING FROM THE EARTH

IS THE DEGASSING CONTINUOUS?

USING THE ARGON ISOTOPIC RATIO

FORMATION OF THE ATMOSPHERE OCCURRED SUDDENLY

XENON - 129: A MORE PRECISE CHRONOMETER FOR MANTLE DEGASSING

RARE GASES IN MANTLE MATERIALS

THE ORIGIN OF LIFE AND THE ATMOSPHERE

THE MYSTERY OF THE COMPOSITION OF THE EARLY ATMOSPHERE

BANDED IRON FORMATIONS AND PRODUCTION OF OXYGEN

APPEARANCE OF OXYGEN AND CARBON ISOTOPES

SULFUR ISOTOPES, A PHOTOSYNTHESIS MARKER?

NOTES

8: Isotopes as DNA of nature

NON-RADIOGENIC STABLE ISOTOPES

STABLE ISOTOPES AS COSMIC DNA

OXYGEN ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION AND ITS VARIABILITY

PALEOTEMPERATURE AND CLIMATE

MASS-INDEPENDENT ISOTOPIC FRACTIONATION

MASS-INDEPENDENT ISOTOPIC FRACTIONATION OF MERCURY

STARDUST

NOTES

9: The Earth’s magnetism

MAGNETIC MINERALS IN ROCKS: SMALLER IS BETTER

THERMO-REMANENT MAGNETIZATION CAN PERSIST FOREVER

GENERATION OF THE GEOMAGNETIC FIELD BY GEODYNAMO

MANTLE CONTROL OVER THE HISTORY OF THE GEOMAGNETIC FIELD

ONSET OF THE GEOMAGNETIC FIELD IN THE EARTH'S HISTORY

NOTES

10: The Moon: a looking glass to mirror the ancient Earth

GEOCHEMICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL FOSSILS

ORIGIN OF THE EARTH–MOON SYSTEM

SOLAR WIND ON LUNAR SOILS

THE EARTH WIND: IONS ESCAPING FROM THE EARTH

GEOMAGNETIC FIELD MIRRORED ON THE MOON

11: The past and future of the evolving Earth

USEFULNESS OF THE EARTH'S HISTORY

THE EARTH'S EVOLUTION, PAST AND FUTURE

RADIOACTIVE WASTE DISPOSAL

OKLO NATURAL NUCLEAR REACTOR

OKLO NATURAL REACTOR AS A "FOSSIL"

CURSE AND BLESSINGS OF POPULATION GROWTH

References

Chapter 1

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

Chapter 5

Chapter 6

Chapter 7

Chapter 8

Chapter 9

Chapter 10

Chapter 11

Index

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