Urban Ecosystems :Ecological Principles for the Built Environment

Publication subTitle :Ecological Principles for the Built Environment

Author: Frederick R. Adler; Colby J. Tanner  

Publisher: Cambridge University Press‎

Publication year: 2013

E-ISBN: 9781107239791

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9780521769846

Subject: C912.81 Urban Sociology

Keyword: 普通生物学

Language: ENG

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Urban Ecosystems

Description

As humans have come to dominate the earth, the ideal of studying and teaching ecology in pristine ecosystems has become impossible to achieve. Our planet is now a mosaic of ecosystems ranging from the relatively undisturbed to the completely built, with the majority of people living in urban environments. This accessible introduction to the principles of urban ecology provides students with the tools they need to understand these increasingly important urban ecosystems. It builds upon the themes of habitat modification and resource use to demonstrate how multiple ecological processes interact in cities and how human activity initiates chains of unpredictable unintended ecological consequences. Broad principles are supported throughout by detailed examples from around the world and a comprehensive list of readings from the primary literature. Questions, exercises and laboratories at the end of each chapter encourage discussion, hands-on study, active learning, and engagement with the world outside the classroom window.

Chapter

Community ecology

Population ecology

Behavioral and physiological ecology

Evolutionary ecology

1.5 What makes urban ecosystems different?

Urban ecosystems

Urban organisms

Urban science

Conclusions

1.6 The goals of urban ecology

1.7 Questions and readings

Discussion questions

Further Reading

Labs

2 Urban accounting: metabolism, energy, and the ecological footprint

2.1 The urban metabolism

Food and water

Materials and energy

Waste

Conclusions

2.2 Urban energy budgets

Urban energy use

Conclusions

2.3 The urban ecological footprint

Elements of the footprint

Calculation of the footprint

Limitations of the footprint

Ecosystem services

Conclusions

2.4 Comparison with other social organisms

Applying urban accounting to an ant colony

Ecological effects of ants

Conclusions

2.5 Questions and readings

Discussion questions

Exercises

Further Reading

Labs

3 Urban ecosystem processes

3.1 Urban climate

Principles affecting temperature

The surface energy budget

The urban heat island

Humidity

Consequences of the urban heat island

Conclusions

3.2 The urban water cycle

Principles of the water cycle

The water cycle and the effects of urbanization

Connections between the water cycle and weather

Conclusions

3.3 Urban nutrient dynamics

The nitrogen cycle

The carbon cycle

Other nutrients

Conclusions

3.4 Urban ecological amplification and its consequences

Urban pollution

Soils

Consequences of ecological amplification

Conclusions

3.5 Questions and readings

Discussion questions

Exercises

Further Reading

Labs

4 The ecology of urban organisms

4.1 Urban biodiversity

Patterns and principles of biodiversity

Urban biodiversity

Conclusions

4.2 Invasive species and biotic homogenization

Principles of biological invasions

Invasive species in urban habitats

Urban biotic homogenization

Conclusions

4.3 Species interactions in urban environments

Ecological principles of species interactions

Urban species interactions

Conclusions

4.4 Urban infectious diseases

Principles of infectious disease

Urban infectious disease dynamics

Conclusions

4.5 Traits of urban organisms

The principles of interaction between traits and environment

Traits associated with urban environments

Case studies of interacting processes

Conclusions

4.6 Urban evolution

Principles of evolution in urban environments

Evolution in urban environments

Conclusions

4.7 Questions and readings

Discussion questions

Exercises

Further Reading

Labs

5 Implications of urban ecology

5.1 Human health and disease

The principles of urban human health

Human health in cities

Conclusions

5.2 Ecological principles and urban policy

Policies affecting urban habitats and ecosystems

Policies affecting population and community ecology

Science in the urban environment

Conclusions

5.3 Cities and the future

5.4 Questions and readings

Discussion questions

Exercises

Further Reading

Labs

Glossary

References

Index of organisms

Subject index

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