War, Guilt, and World Politics after World War II

Author: Thomas U. Berger  

Publisher: Cambridge University Press‎

Publication year: 2012

E-ISBN: 9781139512558

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9781107021600

Subject: K152 World War II (1939 - 1945)

Keyword: 政治理论

Language: ENG

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War, Guilt, and World Politics after World War II

Description

When do states choose to adopt a penitent stance towards the past? When do they choose to offer apologies for historical misdeeds, offer compensation for their victims and incorporate the darker sides of history into their textbooks, public monuments and museums? When do they choose not to do so? And what are the political consequences of how states portray the past? This book pursues these questions by examining how governments in post-1945 Austria, Germany and Japan have wrestled with the difficult legacy of the Second World War and the impact of their policies on regional politics in Europe and Asia. The book argues that states can reconcile over historical issues, but to do so requires greater political will and imposes greater costs than is commonly realized. At the same time, in an increasingly interdependent world, failure to do so can have a profoundly disruptive effect on regional relations and feed dangerous geopolitical tensions.

Chapter

Instrumentalism: Politics Creates Historical Memory

Culturalist Explanations: Culture Creates Collective Memory

Summary

Plan of the Book

2: Germany: The Model Penitent

German Catastrophes

Imperfect Reckoning: The Allied Pursuit of German War Guilt, 1945–1952

Imperfect Penance

The Return of Memory and the Wars over History– 1965–1982

The Birth of a Culture of Contrition: 1982–1989

Travails of the Model Penitent– Preaching the Gospel of Guilt

Conclusions Based on the German Case

3: Austria: The Prodigal Penitent

Austria and the Third Reich

“The First Victim of Nazism”– The Allied Powers and the Emergence of Impenitent Austria, 1943–1948

Impenitent Austria– 1948–1962

The Costs of Impenitence– 1962–1991

The Prodigal Penitent Returns

Conclusions Based on the Austrian Case

4: Japan: The Model Impenitent?

The Legacy of Empire– Historical Determinist Factors

Shame Versus Guilt: Cultural Explanations

Rice Bowl Penitents: America and Japanese Guilt 1945–1952

The Trials

The Purges

Reeducation

Reparations

Summary

A Guilty Innocence– 1952–1982

Getting to Be Sorry: Japan's Discovery of Guilt 1982–1993

Conclusions

5: The Geopolitics of Remembering and Forgetting in Asia, 1991–2010: Toward an Expanded Analytical Model

Japan and the Era of “Ah So Sorry Diplomacy”: The Domestic and International Political Context

Changes in Japan's Official Historical Narrative

The History Issue and Japan's Foreign Relations in the 1990s

South Korea: History, Democracy, and the Endurance of Enmity

China: Between Pragmatic Forgiveness and Useful Resentment

The Storm over History 2001–2007

Aftermath

6: Conclusions: Varieties of Penance

Historical Realism: The Eclectic Determinants of the Official Historical Narrative

The Domestic and International Impact of History and Contentions over Historical Issues From a Historical Realist Perspective

The Tragedy of Transitional Justice

The Rise of Discord over History – Sooner or Later We Will All Be Sorry!

Policy Implications

Index

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