Chapter
ACognitive-Behavioral Psychophysiological Model of Tension Buildup
Chapter 1: The Nature of Tics and Habits
Overview of the Nature of Tics and Habits
Idea of a Tourette or Tic and Habit Spectrum
Current Diagnostic Criteria of Tics and Habits
Nosology of the Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and tic disorders
Habit disorders and body focused repetitive behavior (BFRB)
Current Multidimensional Etiology of Tics and Habits
Prevalence, comorbidity, and behavioral problems
Neurological and physiological etiology
Etiology of developmental and behavioral neuroplasticity in tics and habits
Cognitive and behavioral etiology
Environmental and psychosocial etiology
Social Impact and Consequences
Current Treatment Options
Pharmacological treatments
Managing tics and habits with the cognitive-behavioral approach
Chapter 2: Evaluation and Assessment
Evaluation and Assessment: What are Tics and Habits?
Evaluating the Severity of Tics and Habits and Their Impact on the Client’s Life
Assessing Style of Planning and Thinking and Beliefs about Tics or Habits
Chapter 3: Motivation and Preparation for Change
Motivation: Ready to Change the Habit
Understanding the tic or habit—what makes an automated action into a habit?
Understanding it is possible to change
Feeling it is desirable to control the habit
Changing the habit gradually and in a person-centered way
Realistic expectations of the program
Knowing how to stay on track
Self-confidence in controlling the habit
Social support: Family, friends, or trusted other B.e.s.t. Buddy
The Pros and Cons of Tics and Habits; and Setting Goals and How to Attain Them
Client’s Perception of the Tic or Habit
Dealing with Stigma and Self-stigma
How to talk about the tic or habit
Thinking about tics and habits
Control: Micro- and Macro-control
The Contextual Nature of Tic or Habit Onset
Chapter 4: Developing Awareness
Choosing and Describing the Tic or Habit
How to choose a tic or habit unit
How to describe the tic or habit unit
Awareness of the Tic or Habit
Discovery of Seeing the Habit Differently
Making a Video: Replaying and Watching the Video
Advice for filming the video
Advice for watching and replaying the video
Involving your B.e.s.t. Buddy in observation of your tic or habit
Special considerations for mental and sensory tics
Observing and recording the client’s tic or habit
Choosing a convenient time period of activity
Roadblocks to self-monitoring
Tics or Habits in Context
Chapter 5: Identifying At-Risk Contexts
Identifying Variations in the Context of the Tics or Habits
Discovering High and Low Risk Situations or Activities
Evaluating the Situation or Activity
Linking High Risk Activities and Evaluations to Feelings and Thoughts and Assumptions
Chapter 6: Reducing Tension
Tension Before Ticking: How to Use Your Muscles
Conflicting Preparation Versus Coherent Preparation
Unhelpful Attempts at Self-management of Tics or Habits
Mindfulness practice; mindful breathing
Chapter 7: Increasing Flexibility
Discriminating Muscle Contractions
Rationale and Procedure for Discrimination Exercises
Discrimination with habits
Discrimination with complex tics
Whole Body Muscle Control
Check the Breathing, Posture, and Flow During Movement
Description of sensation/urge
Chapter 8: Addressing Styles of Planning Action
Style of Planning: Pulling Together Sensory, Emotional, and Motor Aspects of Ticking
Thoughts associated with Styles of Action: Perfectionism in Personal Standards and Personal Organization
Chapter 9: Experiential Avoidance, Cognitive Fusion, and the Matrix
Experiential Avoidance and Cognitive Fusion
Improving Flow and Goal Directed Action Using the ACT Matrix
Discriminating Thoughts, Actions, and Experiences
Using the ACT Matrix to Work with Styles of Action
Chapter 10: Emotional Regulation and Overcoming the Habit–Shame Loop
Adaptive and Maladaptive Coping
Making friends with emotions: Identifying and naming emotions
An RFT-inspired Link between Dysfunctional Thoughts and Tension
Chapter 11: Achieving Goals and Maintaining Gains
Maintaining the New Behavior
Reward and Self-compassion
Managing Tic and Habit Disorders
：A Cognitive Psychophysiological Treatment Approach with Acceptance Strategies
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