Contents

Acknowledgements

Map of Norethern Ireland

Glossary

1 The Troubles is my life

2 Multiple Bereavement and Loss

3 Serious Injury

4 Living with the Aftermath

5 Taking Up Arms

6 In the Minority

7 Loss of a Father

8 His Only Child

9 Unintended Death

10 All in a Day's Work

11 That was the last time I seen him

12 I don't ask God for anything

13 Just me and the kids

14 Rough Justice

Conclusions

Appendix

Index

Action for Peace, 100

Adams, Gerry, 99

anger

79-80

106

109

community, 80

Anglo-Irish Agreement 66

anniversaries 134-5

B Specials 98

Ballymurphy 20

barricades

21

66

Belfast

bin lids [rough music], 21

Divis Street, 20

Falls Road, 20

racism in, 90-1

Shankill Road, 20

Unity Flats, 20

Unity Flats, 26

Bloody Sunday

65

100

bombs 53

Boyd, Iris 82-6

Castlereagh Interrogation Centre

25

54-5

69

Catholics, death rate 2

cease-fire

Catholic view of, 118

optimism about, 86

pessimism about, 40-1

pessimism about, 129

Protestant view of, 71

childhood

destroyed, 113-14

destroyed, 117-18

destroyed, 127

experiences of, 74

experiences of, 87

experiences of, 89-91

children

as source of encouragement, 85

dependence on, 122

effect on, 17-18

fear for, 18

Chinese community, racism and 94-5

Chopra, Asha, death of 92-4

civil rights marches

63

97

class, and impact of Troubles 133-4

Clements, David

74-81

murder of father, 76-8

murder of friend, 75-6

Clonard Fitzroy Fellowship 101

Coleraine 72

Commission of Racial Equality, in Belfast 91-2

community

and identity, 97

relations with police, 41

compensation

30-1

denied, 16

denied, 121

discrepancy in levels of, 48

limited, 37

limited, 93

limited, 127

work to improve, 78

Corrigan, Mairead 100

Corrymeela Community

97

99-100

101

Cost of the Troubles Study 1

counselling, lack of 84

court cases

13-14

55-6

69-70

cross-community activities

71

72

damage to property

67

85

127

death rates, comparative 2

Derry Londonderry

72-3

89-90

91

Abercorn Road, 63

Irish Street Estate, 68

Protestant exodus from, 65-6

Protestant exodus from, 71

riots, 63

riots, 66-7

shootings, 66

the Fountain [Protestant enclave], 63

the Fountain [Protestant enclave], 66

the Fountain [Protestant enclave], 70-1

dirty protests 56-7

Disabled Police Officers Association

34

35

discrimination

racist, 94

religious, 94

dissociation from Troubles 134

Do You Know What's Happened? exhibition

3

142

drink

106

107

109

121-2

129

Drumcree march 101

Dungannon, bomb 74

England

as refuge, 13

as refuge, 27

as refuge, 130

racism in, 87

Equal Opportunities Commission

101

family relations, strained, 54

family relations, strained, 60

family relations, strained, 125-6

Faulkner, Brian 97

fear

continuing, 38

continuing, 129

of further violence, 11

forgiveness

78-9

136

Greysteel massacre 70

grief

23

28-9

and wakes, 84

H-Blocks

55

dirty protests, 56-7

habituation to experiences 133

hatred of perpetrators

106

as short-term emotion, 16-17

none, 85-6

hatred, and racism 94

help

family support, 24

family support, 28

lack of, 9

lack of, 13

lack of, 70

limited, 16

limited, 127

help, financial 17

hiding

from paramilitaries, 124

from security forces, 54

hierarchy of experiences 132-3

Hughes, Brendan 59

hunger strikes

57-62

57-62

medical intervention, 61-2

physical effects of, 59-61

identity 96-7

illness, mental

46-50

106-10

illness, physical

epilepsy due to injury, 35-6

epilepsy due to injury, 38

induced by tragedy, 29

induced by tragedy, 70

Indian community 87-95

informers 27-8

injuries

Alice Nocher, 11-13

from punishment beatings, 126

long-term, 34-40

INLA [Irish National Liberation Army] 114

insecurity 40

integration 72

internment

21

68

interviewees

consent, 3

consent, 140-1

coping strategies, 142-3

selection, 2

selection, 138-9

interviews

1-2

141

confidentiality, 142

debriefing, 142-3

distress in, 141-2

feedback, 143

intimidation

9-10

46

by paramilitaries, 23

IRA, Official 23

IRA, Provisional

23

124

125

127-9

joining procedure, 51-3

jail, Crumlin Road 55

justice, doubts about

69

100

Leylands, Isobel, shot dead 111-13

Limavady 72

Londonderry 64

McAllister, Jolene

111-18

death of aunt, 111-13

death of aunt, 114

death of brother, 114-15

death of cousin, 116-17

McElwee, Tom 61

McGuiness, Bel

119-22

death of husband, 119-21

McKeown, Lawrence 51-62

media

interest in 'victims ', 4

interest in 'victims ', 136

role of, 72

memories, displacement of 132

mental breakdowns

14

46-50

105

106-10

minorities, Indian 87-95

minority power 71

Monaghan

53

bomb, 82-4

Morrissey, Paul 103-10

murder of father 103-5

Newall, Rev Ken 101

nightmares

105

111-13

129

Nocher, Alice

7-19

court case, 13-14

death of brother, 7-9

death of husband, 14-15

shooting, 10-13

Northern Ireland

O'Neill, Terence, 97

Troubles, 133

parades

71-2

71-2

and racism, 91

Drumcree march, 101

Unionist culture, 71

view of police, 68

paramilitaries 68

Parker, Rev Joe, and son Stephen 100

peace movements 100-1

physical effects

23-4

of shock, 12-13

police

41

Catholic view of, 117

Catholic view of, 118

Protestant view of, 68

Protestant view of, 98

searches, 21

searches, 71

policeman

murder, 76-8

serious injury, 34-41

politics, importance of 101-2

prison officer, gun and grenade attack 42-50

Prison Officers Association 48

prisoners 57

property, damage to

67

85

127

proximity 132

public acknowledgement of loss 6

public, lack of awareness of consequences of violence 5

punishment beatings

115

118

123-30

123-30

punishment shootings 32

Race Relations Act

91-2

94

racism

in England, 87

in England, 90

increasing, 94-5

limited in Northern Ireland, 87

limited in Northern Ireland, 90

Randalstown, bomb 53

Relatives Action Committee 22-3

revenge, suffering as motivation for 135

riots

Belfast, 20

Belfast, 98

Derry Londonderry, 63

Derry Londonderry, 66-7

Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast

97

99

Rutherford, William 96-102

Sands, Bobby

election, 58-9

hunger strike and death, 59

searches

21

71

sectarian murders 32-3

security gates, Londonderry 66

Shankill bombing

70

80

Shankill Butchers

21

103

Shankill Road, riots [1970] 20-1

Sinn Fein Centre 127-8

soldiers [British]

abuse from, 21

arrival in Northern Ireland, 21

St Patrick 's Training Centre

128

129

strength, mental

18

33

70

78

107

110

suffering, attitudes to 135-6

suicide attempts

107

129

support groups

80-1

122

Temple, William

63-73

son arrested and remanded, 69-70

sons beaten, 67

sons beaten, 68-9

tension

21

71

threats 46

tion of history 131

truth 4

UDA [Ulster Defence Association] 68

UDR [Ulster Defence Regiment]formation 51

UVF [Ulster Volunteer Force] 33

Valente, Margaret

20-33

death of brother-in-law, 23-4

death of daughter's boyfriend, 31-3

death of husband, 24-8

death of husband, 30

death of sister, 24

victims

as moral beacons 135-6

media interest in, 4

media interest in, 136

vigilantes, Belfast 21

vigils, night, Unity Flats 26

Vij, Charlotte

87-95

murder of cousin, 92-4

murder of grandfather, 87-9

wakes 84

WAVE [support group] 80-1

welfare, professional

37

50

Williams, Betty 100

Wilson, Gordon 136

Workers ' Strike [1974] 91