Nominal Compound Acquisition

Editorial page

Title page

LCC data

Table of contents

Abbreviations

Introduction

1. Compounding

1.1 Aim of the volume

1.2 Compounding preferences

1.3 Compounding vs. phrasal syntax

1.4 Classification of compounds

2. Methodology and theoretical approach

2.1 Longitudinal study of spontaneous speech

2.2 Distinctions between phases

2.2.1 Premorphology

2.2.2 Protomorphology

2.2.3 Core morphology

3. Relations between input and output

4. Linguistic typology

5. Summaries of chapters

References

1. Emergence and early development of German compounds

1. Introduction

2. Nominal compounding in adult Austrian German

3. A brief history of research

4. Acquisition data

5. Amalgams

6. Phrases vs. compounds?

7. Emergence of compounding

8. Order of emergence of compounds with and without interfixes

9. A blind alley development

10. Productivity and emergence of compound patterns

11. The impact of transparency

12. Recursivity

13. Discussion and outlook

Acknowledgements

References

2. Compound nouns in Danish child language

1. Introduction

2. Compounding in Danish

3. Compound nouns in Danish

3.1 Endocentric compounds

3.2 Exocentric compounds

3.3 Coordinative compounds

3.4 Morphosemantically opaque compounds

4. Data and method

5. Results: Compound nouns in Danish CS and CDS

6. Summary and further analyses

6.1 The first compound contrasts

6.2 Morphosemantically opaque compounds

6.3 Swapped elements

6.4 As substitute for a conventional word

6.5 Innovative compound nouns (neologisms)

7. CDS versus CS

8. Lexical typology

9. Concluding remarks

References

3. Acquisition of nominal compounds in Russian

1. Introduction

1.1 Russian compounding: Main characteristics

1.1.1 Formation and usage

1.1.2 Semantics, structure and accentual features of compounds

1.1.3 Compound ‘candidates’ for early emergence in adult – child conversation

2. The data and method

3. Early development of compounds in Russian CS

3.1 Emergence of the earliest compounds

3.2 Development of compounding

3.3 Simplicity and transparency in compound acquisition

3.4 Individual features of compound repertoire in CS

3.5 Productive use of compounds

3.6. Productivity and frequency in compound acquisition

3.6.1 Influence of target-language

3.6.2 Influence of ‘compound input’: Quantitative analysis

4. Lexical typology

5. Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

4. Early development of compounds in two French children’s corpora

1. Introduction

2. French compounding

3. The data

4. Method of analysis

5. Results

5.1 Emergence of compounding: overall picture

5.2 Strict compounds

5.3 Multilexical units

5.4 Errors

6. Lexical typology

7. Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

5. Compounding in early Greek language acquisition

1. Introduction

2. Compounding in Standard Modern Greek

3. Data

4. Compounding in early Greek child speech and child-directed speech

5. Discussion and conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

6. The early production of compounds inLithuanian

1. Introduction

2. The structure of Lithuanian noun compounds

3. The data

4. The study

5. Conclusions

References

7. Acquisition of noun compounds in Estonian

1. Introduction

2. Overview of noun compounds in Estonian

3. Development of noun compounds in Estonian

3.1 Data

3.2 Emergence of the first compounds

3.3 Emergence of longer compounds

3.4 Structure and productive patterns of compound nouns used by Estonian children

3.5 Productive usage of compounds

3.6 Morphosemantic transparency of compounds

3.7 Frequency effects (input vs. output)

4. Lexical typology

5. Conclusion

References

8. Acquisition of compound nouns in Finnish

1. Introduction

2. Compounding in Finnish

2.1 N+N compounds

2.2 Other types of noun compounds

3. Types of compounds and their frequencies in Finnish CS and CDS

4. Compound neologisms in child language

5. Lexical typology

6. Conclusion

References

Anchor 61

9 . The acquisition of compound nouns in North Saami

1. Introduction

2. Types of nominal compounds in Saami

3. The data

4. The emergence and early development of compounds in Saami child language

4.1 The emergence of compounds

4.2 Lexical typology

4.3 The non-heads

4.4 Contrastive forms of compounds

4.5 Recursivity

4.6 Neologisms

4.7 Semantic transparency of the non-head and head

5. Discussion and conclusion

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References

10. The emergence of nominal compounds in Turkish

1. Introduction

2. Compounds in Turkish child-directed speech

2.1 Bare compounds (NN and adjN)

2.2 Possessive compounds (NN-poss)

2.3 Other compounds

2.4 Exclusions

2.5 Frequency of compounds

3. Subject and method

4. Results

4.1 Proportion of compounds

4.2 Emergence of compounds

4.2.1 Premorphology period: Bare NN compounds

4.2.2 The protomorphology period: NN-poss compounds and adjn compounds

4.2.3 Morphology Proper

4.3 Productivity in compounds

5. Discussion and conclusion

References

11. Compounding in early child speech: Hebrew peer talk 2–8

1. Introduction

1.1 Hebrew compounds in child language development

1.1.1 Adjacency smixut compounds

1.1.2 Compounds based on shel ‘of’

1.2 Aims and theoretical frameworks of analysis

2. Method

2.1 Analysis

3. Results

3.1 General compounding measures

3.2 Grammatical compounds

3.3 Lexical compounding

4. Discussion: From loose to specified relations across childhood

4.1 2–2;6 year olds

4.2 2;6–3 year olds

4.3 3–4 year olds

4.4 4–5 year olds

4.5 5–6 year olds

4.6 7–8 year olds

5. Conclusion

References

12. Contrastive lexical typology of German and Greek child speech and child-directed speech

1. Introduction

2. Frequency of nominal compounds in German and Greek child speech

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3. Contrastive lexical analysis of German and Greek

3.1 Distributional analysis

3.2 Qualitative analysis

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Acknowledgements

References

13. Discussion and outlook

1. Introduction

2. Emergence of compounds and compounding patterns

3. Emergence of neologistic compounds

4. Typological characteristics of the languages concerned

5. Lexical typology and wealth of compounding

6. Development of subtypes of compounds

6.1 Word classes of compound constituents

6.2 Morphotactic transparency

6.3 Rise of complexity

7. Relations between CDS and CS

7.1 Errors

7.2 To what extent does CS follow CDS?

8. Theoretical and methodological consequences for acquisition studies

9. Theoretical consequences for the study of compounds in general

10. Outlook

Acknowledgements

References

Index