Cover

Half-title

Title

Copyright

Contents

List of contributors

Preface

Acknowledgments

1 Permo-Triassic events in the eastern Tethys -an overview

Introduction

Biostratigraphy

Brachiopods

Ammonoids

Conodonts

Plants

Summary

Geochemical studies

Paleomagnetic investigations

Volcanism

Causes of biotic turnover

The Permo-Triassic boundary

Summary

References

2 Permo-Triassic boundary relations in South China

Introduction

Review of typical Permo-Triassic sections

The Meishan section, in Changxing, ZhejiangProvince

The Shangsi section, in Guangyuan, SichuanProvince

Beifengjing section, Liangfenya, Chonqing, SichuanProvince

Huaying section, Lingshui, Sichuan Province

Biostratigraphic zonation and correlation

Changxingian ammonoid zones

Lower Triassic ammonoid zones

Changxingian conodont zones

Lower Triassic conodont zones

The Permo-Triassic boundary

Permo-Triassic transitional beds (with mixed faunas)

Correlation of Permo-Triassic boundary strata

Conclusions

References

3 Permo-Triassic boundary of the Indian subcontinent and itsintercontinental correlation

Introduction

Upper Permian

Salt Range

Kashmir

Spiti-Kumaon

Nepal

Lower Triassic

Salt Range

Kashmir

Spiti-Kumaon

Nepal

Karakoram (Permian and Triassic)

Correlation of Perigondwana Province with East and West Tethys provinces

Iran

Afghanistan

South Tibet

South China

Correlation of Himalayan and Salt Range sections

Permo-Triassic boundary

References

4 Permo-Triassic boundary on the Indian peninsula

Introduction

The basinal record

Damodar Valley basins

Godavari Valley basins

Rajmahal, Malda-Galsi, Purnea, and Birbhumbasins

South Rewa basins

Mahanadi and SE Son Valley basins

Kamptee-Wardha Valley basins

Satpura Basin

Synthesis

References

5 The Permo-Triassic boundary in the southern and eastern USSR and its international correlation

Introduction

Permian and Lower Triassic biostratigraphy

Transcaucasia

North Caucasus

Pamirs

Mangyshlak peninsula

South Primorye

Physical and chemical characteristics of the Permo- Triassic boundary beds

Some paleomagnetic results

Carbon-isotopic composition and iridium content ofPermo-Triassic strata

The problem of stadial division and correlation of thePermian and Lower Triassic

On the Permo-Triassic boundary

References

6 Classification and correlation of nonmarine Permo-Triassic boundary in China

Introduction

Biotic changes

Vertebrate fauna

Spore and pollen assemblages

Bivalve fauna

Ostracodes

Flora

Conchostracans

Nonbiotic changes

References

7 Permian and Triassic events in the continental domains of Mediterranean Europe

Introduction

Former continental domains

Italy

Maritime Alps

Northern Apennines

Punta Bianca

Pisan Mts. and nearby areas

Monticiano-Roccastrada

Island of Elba

Maremma Toscana

Southern Apennines

Basilicata

The 'Calabro-Peloritano Arc'

Sicily

Sardinia

France

Southeast France and Corsica

South of the French Massif Central

The Pyrenees

Spain

Late Hercynian and Early Alpine tectonics anddevelopment of Permian and Triassic basins

Thuringian microflora in the Buntsandstein

Landete-Talayuelas (Iberian Range)

Molina de Aragon (Iberian Range)

Palanca de Noves (East Pyrenees)

Regional framework

Diachronism of basal Buntsandstein

General remarks on the Late Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic continental framework of Mediterranean Europe

References

8 The Permo-Triassic boundary in the Southern Alps (Italy) and in adjacent Periadratic regions

Introduction

The marine Upper Permian and the Permo-Triassic boundary

Eastern Southern Alps

Val Gardena Sandstone

Bellerophon Formation

Werfen Formation

Permo-Triassic boundary

1964

1973

1985

1986-88

Criteria

Conclusions

Yugoslavia

Slovenia

Western Serbia

Conclusions

The continental Permian of the Southern Alps and its boundary with the Triassic

References

9 Permo-Triassic brachiopod successions and events in South China

Introduction

Lithofacies

Brachiopod zonations

Squamularia indica-Haydenellawenganensis Assemblage Zone (abbreviated S-HZone)

Orthothetina ruber-Squamulariagrandis Assemblage Zone (abbreviated O-SZone)

Cathaysia chonetoides-Chonetinellasubstrophomenoides Assemblage Zone(abbreviated C-C Zone)

Cathaysia sinuata-Waagenitesbarusiensis Assemblage Zone (abbreviated C-WZone)

Peltichiazigzag-Prelissorhynchiatriplicatioid Assemblage Zone (abbreviated P-PZone)

Spirigerella discusella-A cosarinaminuta Assemblage Zone (abbreviated S-AZone)

Crurithyris pusilla Ch&n—Lingulasubcircularis Wirth Assemblage Zone(abbreviated C-L Zone)

Relationship to other biozones

Correlations with other areas in the Tethyan region

North Tibet

Transcaucasia

Kuh-e-Ali Bashi, Iran

Abadeh region, central Iran

Salt Range, Pakistan

Kashmir

Southern Alps, Italy

East Greenland

Northwest Nepal

Brachiopod events

Mass extinction of reef-dwelling brachiopods

Extinction of the Strophomenida

Proliferation of Lingula

References

10 Conodont sequences in the Upper Permian and Lower Triassic of South China and the nature of conodont faunal changes at the systemic boundary

Introduction

Stratigraphy

Upper Permian conodont faunas and zones

Neogondolella liangshanensis Zone

Neogondolella orientalis Zone

Neongondolella subcarinata Zone

Neogondolella changxingensis Zone

Lower Triassic conodont faunas and zones

Isarcicelldl parva Zone

Isarcicella isarcica Zone

'Neogondolella carinata'l Zone

Neospathodus kummeli Zone

Neospathodus dieneri Zone

Neospathodus cristagalli Zone

Neospathodus pakistanensis Zone

Neospathodus waageni Zone

Neospathodus triangularis Zone

Neospathodus collinsoni Zone

Neospathodus homeri Zone

Neospathodus timorensis Zone

Conodont faunal changes

Conclusion

References

11 A conodont-based high-resolution biostratigraphy for the Permo-Triassic boundary interval

Introduction

The data

Kashmir data

South China data

Data from the Salt Range, Pakistan

Data from Iran and Soviet Dzhulfa

Graphic development of composite section

Standard reference section (SRS)

Correlation strategy

Initial round of correlation

Recorrelation rounds

Results

Resolution

Biostratigraphic interpretation

Conodont zones and stages

References

12 The palynofloral succession and palynological events in the Permo-Triassic boundary interval in Israel

Introduction

interval

Remarks on palynology of the boreholes

interval in Israel

Interpretation

Correlation

Conclusions

References

13 The effects of volcanism on the Permo-Triassic mass extinction in South China

Introduction

Permo-Triassic volcanism

Nature of boundary clayrock

Evidence from sphaerules

Effects of volcanism on Permo-Triassic mass extinction

Prasinophytes

Ammonoids

Anomalies in occurrence of iridium and other trace elements and their possible relationship to volcanism

Stable carbon anomaly and its possible relationship to volcanism

On the possible relations between volcanism and mass extinction

Other regions

Summary

References

14 Geochemical constraints on the Permo-Triassic boundary event in South China

Introduction

Stratigraphy, petrology, and mineralogy

Elemental geochemistry

Ir, Au, Co, Ni

As, Se, Sb, and Mo

Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Al, Ti, Th, U,Hf, and Ta

Rare-earth elements

Conclusion

References

15 Permo-Triassic orogenic, paleoclimatic, and eustatic events and their implications for biotic alteration

Introduction

Tectonic and magmatic development

The boundary sequences

Climate

Conclusions

References

16 Permo-Triassic boundary in Australia and New Zealand

Introduction

Western part of Australia

Central part of Australia

Eastern part of Australia

New Zealand

References

Index