Cover

Half-title

Title

Copyright

Contents

1 Subjectivity and subjectivisation: an introduction

2 The epistemic weil

3 Subjectification in grammaticalisation

1 Introduction

2 Examples of subjectification in English grammaticalisation

2.1 Be going to

2.2 Let us

2.3 Let alone

2.4 I think

2.5 While

2.6 Rather than

2.7 Even

2.8 Stance adverbs and degree modifiers

3 Unidirectionality

4 Conclusion

4 Emphatic and reflexive -self: expectations, viewpoint, and subjectivity

1 Two kinds of -self

2 Emphatic -self

3 Reflexive -self

4 Viewpoint uses of -self

4.1 Viewpoint reflexives

4.2 Viewpoint emphatic

5 Subjectivity

6 Conclusion

5 Subjectification and the development of the English perfect

1 Introduction

2 The 'have' + participle construction in Old English

3 The Historical Data

4 The perfect in Middle English

5 The shift from resultative —> perfect

6 The resultative —> perfect shift as a subjectification process

7 Conclusion

6 Subjectification, syntax, and communication

1 Introduction

2 Subjectification of promise

3 Subjectification and syntax

3.1 Interpretation structure

3.2 Verb ordering in Dutch subordinate clauses

3.3 Extending the description

4 Argumentation and coherence

4.1 Argumentational orientation

4.2 Discourse coherence

5 Conclusion

7 Subjective meanings and the history of inversions in English

1 Purpose

2 On subjectivity

3 Inversions

4 Markedness and semantics of inversions in present-day English

5 Classification of inversions

6 Two types of inversion

7.1 The semantic and structural history of inversions

7.2 The B type of inversions

7.3 The A type

8 Stylistic factors

9 The overall semantic history of inversions

Appendix: texts used

8 Subjectivity and experiential syntax

1 Introduction

2 The experiential progressive

2.1 Literary discourse

2.2 Conversation

3 In search of the experiential progressive in history

3.1 The historical 'dialogue' of prose drama

3.2 The grammaticalisation of subjectivity in prose fiction

4 Concluding remarks and speculations

9 Non-anaphoric reflexives in free indirect style: expressing the subjectivity of the non-speaker

1 Introduction

2 Non-anaphoric reflexives in English

2.1 Non-anaphoric reflexives in non-literary discourse

2.2 Non-anaphoric reflexives in literary discourse

3 Related phenomena

3.1 Logophoric pronouns

3.2 Long-distance reflexives

4 The function of non-anaphoric reflexives

4.1 The function of long-distance reflexives in Icelandic

4.2 The function of non-anaphoric reflexives in English

4.2.1 The occurrence of non-anaphoric reflexives in free indirect style

4.2.2 The function of non-anaphoric reflexives in free indirect style

5 Conclusion

Appendix

10 From empathetic deixis to empathetic narrative: stylisation and (de)subjectivisation as processes of language change

1 Introduction

2 Quantifying narrative empathy

3 The historical prototype of empathetic narrative

3.1 Data

3.2 Discussion

4 Puritan subjectivism and the narrative of experientialmemory

5. Extending the data

6 The evidence of Baxter's narrative

7 The stylisation of empathy

7.1 Diffusion

7.2 Conventionalisation

8 Conclusion: speculations on stylistic history and on the subjectivisation hypothesis

Subject index

Name index