Description
A child poverty rate of ten percent could mean that every tenth child is always poor, or that all children are in poverty for one month in every ten. Knowing where reality lies between these extremes is vital to understanding the problem facing many countries of poverty among the young. This unique study goes beyond the standard analysis of child poverty based on poverty rates at one point in time and documents how much movement into and out of poverty by children there actually is, covering a range of industrialised countries - the USA, UK, Germany, Ireland, Spain, Hungary and Russia. Five main topics are addressed: conceptual and measurement issues associated with a dynamic view of child poverty; cross-national comparisons of child poverty rates and trends; cross-national comparisons of children's movements into and out of poverty; country-specific studies of child poverty dynamics; and the policy implications of taking a dynamic perspective.
Chapter
Part I Issues and cross-national evidence
2 Conceptual and measurement issues
2.2 Income and consumption – and their changes over time
2.3 Measuring the dynamics of child poverty
2.4 What moves children into and out of poverty?
3 Child poverty across twenty-five countries
3.2 The measurement of child poverty
3.3 Child income poverty across nations
3.4 Social transfers, market incomes and child poverty
4 The dynamics of child poverty in seven industrialised nations
4.2 The data and the patterns at a point in time
4.3 Income mobility and the dynamics of disadvantage
4.5 A closer look at dynamics
4.6 Summary and conclusions
Part II Topics in child poverty dynamics
5 Income mobility and exits from poverty of American children
5.1 Child poverty since the 1960s
5.3 The extent of income mobility among children
5.4 Events associated with exits from poverty
6 Child poverty in Germany: trends and persistence
6.1 Background and motivation
6.3 Trends in child poverty rates, entry and exit rates
6.5 Children of guestworkers
7 Poverty among British children: chronic or transitory?
7.1 Child poverty in Britain: a topical issue
7.2 Concepts: smoothed incomes, chronic and transitory poverty
7.4 Trends in child poverty in Britain
7.5 Repeated, chronic and transitory poverty: results
7.6 Chronic poverty and income transfers to poor children
8 Child income poverty and deprivation dynamics in Ireland
8.1 Poverty, deprivation and the Irish context
8.2 Using non-monetary indicators to measure child poverty
8.3 The Living in Ireland Survey and the definitions of poverty anddeprivation
8.5 Deprivation compared to income
8.6 Deprivation and income dynamics
8.8 The implications for understanding and combating child poverty
9 Young people leaving home: the impact on poverty in Spain
9.1 Why focus on young people?
9.3 Data and poverty lines
9.4 Young people and their households: employment and poverty
9.5 Young people leaving home – and the effect on the households leftbehind
10 Are children being left behind in the transition in Hungary?
10.1 Hungary during the transition
10.2 Data source and definitions of income and poverty
10.3 Poor children and the characteristics of their households
10.4 Which children are in persistent poverty?
10.5 Poverty dynamics and labour-market changes
11 Mobility and poverty dynamics among Russian children
11.3 Data and definitions
11.4 Expenditure mobility among children
11.5 Flows into and out of poverty
11.6 Patterns of poverty persistence
Summary and policy conclusions
12 Thinking about children in time
12.1 What have we learned from this book?
12.3 What more would we like to know?
12.4 Policy directions and questions
12.5 The next steps in child poverty analysis
The Dynamics of Child Poverty in Industrialised Countries
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