The Evolution and Genetics of Latin American Populations ( Cambridge Studies in Biological and Evolutionary Anthropology )

Publication series :Cambridge Studies in Biological and Evolutionary Anthropology

Author: Francisco M. Salzano; Maria C. Bortolini  

Publisher: Cambridge University Press‎

Publication year: 2001

E-ISBN: 9780511837128

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9780521652759

Subject: Q987 human genetics

Keyword: 哺乳纲

Language: ENG

Access to resources Favorite

Disclaimer: Any content in publications that violate the sovereignty, the constitution or regulations of the PRC is not accepted or approved by CNPIEC.

The Evolution and Genetics of Latin American Populations

Description

The human genetic make-up of Latin America is a reflection of successive waves of colonization and immigration. To date there have been few works dealing with the biology of human populations at a continental scale, and while much information is available on the genetics of Latin American populations, most data remain scattered throughout the literature. This volume examines for the first time Latin American human populations in relation to their origins, environment, history, demography and genetics, drawing on aspects of nutrition, physiology and morphology for an integrated and multidisciplinary approach. The result is a fascinating account of a people characterized by a turbulent history, marked heterogeneity and unique genetic traits. Of interest to students and researchers of genetics, evolution, biological anthropology and the social sciences, this book will also appeal to anyone concerned with the multifaceted evolution of our species and constitutes an important volume not only for anthropological genetics, but also for Latin American research.

Chapter

Present situation

Middle America

South America

An interpretative synthesis

Society formation and problems of development

Classification

3 Socioeconomic indices,demography and population structure

Biology,culture and the environment

Does Latin America exist?

Micro- versus macroanalyses

Macrodemography and economics

Historical demography

Migration

Introduction

Spanish-speaking countries and Carib

Brazil

Inbreeding and isonymy

Demographic trends

Population policies and trend reversals

The changing impact of mortality

Sex ratio and twinning

Demography and genetics

The future

4 Ecology,nutrition and physiologic adaptation

Personal and evolutionary destinies

Nutrition

General overview

Under- and overnutrition

Specific studies

Physical growth

General overview

Specific studies

Physiology

General

Blood pressure

Physique and motor performance

Aging

Adaptation to high altitude

Relationship between variables,genetic and reproductive factors

5 Morphology

Significance

Anthropometrics

Interpopulation comparisons

Migration effects

Heritability

Comparison with other traits

Assortative mating

Asymmetry and selection

Skin color

Dermatoglyphics

General overview

Genetic determination and other influences

Association studies

Cephalometrics and oral traits

Hair and other characteristics

Bones and autopsy material

Morphology at the cellular level

6 Health and disease

Historical aspects

General concepts,prevalences and health facilities

Limitations

Cultural beliefs

General prevalences

WHO targets of health for all

Cancer

Genetic burden

The health system

Infectious diseases

Other immunologic conditions

Mendelian disease: nonmolecular approaches

Mendelian diseases: molecular approaches

Cytogenetics

Multifactorial conditions

Mutagenesis,teratogenesis, carcinogenesis

Association studies

Genetic screening in populations and selected families, genetic counseling

7 Hemoglobin types and hemoglobinopathies

A paradigmatic subject

Hemoglobin types

The three most common alleles

Rare variants

The thalassemias

Introduction

Alpha-thalassemias

Beta-thalassemias

Beta S-globin haplotype diversity

Beta A-globin haplotype diversity

Clinical studies

Sickle cell diseases

Thalassemias

8 Normal genetic variation at the protein,glycoconjugate and DNA levels

A world of differences

The Latin American microcosm

Protein and blood group genetic variability in Latin America (except Brazil)

Information available

Genetic diversity analysis

Brazil

Information available

Genetic diversities

DNA markers

Information available

A nuclear DNA polymorphism: D1S80

Mitochondrial DNA

Y chromosome

Protein–DNA comparisons

Variation in two key molecules

Introduction

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

Albumin

9 Gene dynamics

Variability is ubiquitous,but explanations difficult

Ethnic and ‘race’ classifications

Latin American ethnic categories

Racism and racial paradises

Assortative mating

Historical genetics: admixture quantification

Parental contributions to Latin American populations

Previous studies

New estimates

Asymmetries due to sex

Coda

10 Synthesis

Integration or disintegration?

The land and the people

Population characteristics

Life histories

Form and function

Well-being and sickness

Hemoglobin variation

Protein and DNA variability

Classification systems sometimes are ignored

The future

Appendix 1

Appendix 2

Appendix 3

References

Author Index

Subject Index

The users who browse this book also browse


No browse record.