The Experience of Psychopathology :Investigating Mental Disorders in their Natural Settings

Publication subTitle :Investigating Mental Disorders in their Natural Settings

Author: Marten W. de Vries; M. Csikszentmihalyi  

Publisher: Cambridge University Press‎

Publication year: 1992

E-ISBN: 9780511879005

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9780521031127

Subject: R74 Neurology and Psychiatry

Keyword: 基础医学

Language: ENG

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The Experience of Psychopathology

Description

This book is devoted to understanding the experience of distress, well-being and psychopathology in daily life, with the Experience Sampling Method (ESM) in psychiatry, and contains contributions from the leading international pioneers of this approach. Experience sampling is a methodology for collecting reliable and valid data on patterns of behaviour, thought and feeling from real-life situations. It thus yields data complementary to those provided by neurobiological approaches to mental illnesses and is applicable to the study and management of a wide variety of mental disorders in their natural settings. The editor, who did much to bring ESM to prominence in psychiatry, has assembled a fascinating range of contributions, many of them previously unpublished, dealing with the diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities of this approach.

Chapter

2 Microbehavioral approaches to monitoring human experience

The time diary

The subjective experience of daily activities

Other microbehavioral methods

3 Experience Sampling and personality psychology: concepts and applications

Conceptual bases and areas of application

Theoretical and methodological needs of personality psychology

Other applications of ESM

Outlook

PART II The Experience Sampling Method: procedures and analyses

4 Validity and reliability of the Experience Sampling Method

Sampling of experience

Methods

Instruments

Experience Sampling Form (ESF)

Procedures

Coding

Data structure

ever more refined questionscan be asked of the data.

Reliability of ESM measures

Validity of ESM measures

Overview

Appendix to Chapter 4: Experience Sampling Form

5 Analyzing Experience Sampling data: a guidebook for the perplexed

Formulation of research questions

Analyzing research questions

Interpreting results

Final comments

Appendix to Chapter 5

6 States, syndromes, and polythetic classes: developing a classification system for ES Mdata using the 'ascending' and cross classificationmethod

Introduction

Syndromes, classifications and models

Classifications and models

Ascending and descending methodologies

Polythetic and monothetic classes

The experience sampling of anxiety disorders and drug craving: some working hypotheses

Concluding remarks: toward Weberian ideal types

PART III Experience Sampling studies with clinicalsamples

7 Variability of schizophrenia symptoms

The experience sampling method

Study

Case presentations

Discussion

8 The daily life of ambulatory chronic mental patients

Methods

Results

Discussion

9 'Goofed-up' images: thought sampling with a schizophrenic woman

Case description

Discussion

10 The social ecology of anxiety: theoretical and quantitative perspectives

Theories of 'place' and agoraphobia

The Experience Sampling Method

ESM data at the aggregated level

Discussion

11 Consequences of depression for the experience of anxiety in daily life

Methods

Findings

Discussion

12 Dysphoric moods in depressed and non-depressed adolescents

Methods

Results and discussion

13 Capturing alternate personalities: the use of Experience Sampling in multiple personality disorder

Method

Results

Discussion

14 Bulimia in daily life: a context-bound syndrome

Introduction

Bulimia and depression

A study of the daily experience of bulimic patients

Preliminary findings: bulimia as an affective disor

A contextual analysis of bulimics' affect and behavior

Solitude and bulimia

Conclusion

15 Alcohol and marijuana use in adolescents' daily lives

Introduction

Method

Results

Discussion

16 Drug craving and drug use in the daily life of heroin addicts

Introduction

Methods

Results

Discussion

17 Stress 5 coping and cortisol dynamics in daily life

Introduction

Studies of acute stress in healthy subjects

Discussion

18 Vital exhaustion or depression: a study of daily mood in exhausted male subjects at risk for myocardial infarction

Introduction

Method

Results

Discussion

19 Blood pressure and behavior: mood, activity and blood pressure in daily life

Mark-sense diary cards

CAD procedure

Derived categories

The CAD computer program

Procedures

Results

Discussion

PART IV Therapeutic applications of the Experience Sampling Method

20 The uses of the ESM in psychotherapy

Time and place in psychotherapy

21 Expanding the experiential parameters of cognitive therapy

Expanding the experiential parameters

The role of ESM in therapy

A case study: Experience Sampling in cognitive therapy

Discussion

22 The monitoring of optimal experience: a tool for psychiatric rehabilitation1

Methods

Results

Discussion

23 The ESM and the measurement of clinical change: a case of anxiety disorder

The subject

The procedure

The therapy

Results

Conclusions

24 The applicability of ESM in personalized rehabilitation

The evaluation of a year in the life of a chronic mental patient . . .

Results

Discussion

25 Everyday self-awareness: implications for self-esteem, depression, and resistance to therapy

Private and public self-awareness

A study of everyday self-awareness

Clinical implications

Conclusions

PART V Psychiatric research applications: practical issues and attention points

26 Practical issues in psychiatric applications of ESM

Sample recruitment

Research alliance

Subject recruitment

The briefing

The debriefing

Data transformation and coding example

27 Selecting measures, diagnostic validity and scaling in the study of depression

Assembling the item domain

The pilot study

Concluding remarks

Appendix to Chapter 27: Experience Sampling Form for depression

28 Research alliance and the limit of compliance: Experience Sampling with the depressed elderly

Introduction

First study

Discussion

Wrist terminal and modifications

Questionnaires

29 The importance of assessing base rates for clinical studies: an example of stimulus control of smoking

Computerized self-monitoring of smoking antecedents

The importance of base-rate data: use of ESM

Conclusions

30 Infrequently occurring activities and contexts in time-use data

(1) Social accounting trade-offs

(2) Characterization of particular populations

(3) Focus on particular, high-frequency activities

31 Technical note: devices and time-sampling procedures

(i) Choice of the sampling device

(2) Choice of the sampling process

Summary

CLOSING

Looking to the future

References

List of contributors

Index

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