Urban Ecology and Health in the Third World ( Society for the Study of Human Biology Symposium Series )

Publication series ：Society for the Study of Human Biology Symposium Series

Author： Lawrence M. Schell; Malcolm Smith; Alan Bilsborough

Publisher： Cambridge University Press‎

Publication year： 1993

E-ISBN: 9780511879715

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9780521411592

Subject： R126 city sanitation

Keyword：哺乳纲

Language： ENG

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Urban Ecology and Health in the Third World

Description

This volume looks at the relationship between specific aspects of Third World cities and human health. Rapid and extensive urbanization of the less developed nations is perhaps the most dramatic demographic phenomenon of our times, but its impact on human biology is not well understood. Here, a cross-section of work is presented on this subject allowing human biologists, urban planners, public health workers and other specialists to assess our knowledge and the current approaches available to increase it. Contributions fall into two groups: studies of urban ecology including the social, economic and physical domains, and studies of biological responses to the urban environment. Health is not merely the absence of specific diseases, but is construed more broadly to include a wide range of biological parameters that are correlated with various states of sub-optimal health. These include patterns of child growth and development, frequencies of specific diseases, nutritional status, immunological characteristics and physiological parameters. This important volume will be of interest to a wide range of researchers and academics, including human biologists, anthropologists, healthcare professionals, human geographers, urban and regional planners, and economists.

Chapter

1 Human biological approaches to the study of Third World urbanism

The approach to urbanism from human biology

Research agenda for a new discipline

Analysing the urban environment

A symposium on urban ecology and health in the Third World

References

2 Social and cultural influences in the risk cardiovascular disease in urban Brazil

Social change and physiologic adjustment

Correlates of serum lipids

Social change in Brazil

Methods

Results

Discussion

Acknowledgements

References

3 The urban disadvantage in the developing world and the physical and mental growth of children

The study and its setting

Socioeconomic characteristics of El Progreso

Effects of socioeconomic status on growth, development and achievement

Conclusion

References

4 Differences in endocrine status associated with urban-rural patterns of growth and maturation in Bundi (Gende-speaking) adolescents of Papua New Guinea

Introduction

Sample and methods

Results

Discussion

Acknowledgements

References

5 Nutritionally vulnerable households in the urban slum economy: a case study from Khulna, Bangladesh

Introduction

Medja Para slum: the environmental context

The study's conceptual framework

Identification of patterns of livelihood within the slum

Outcomes of the processes of production and reproduction

Summary

Acknowledgements

References

6 Urban-rural differences in growth and diarrhoeal morbidity of Filipino infants

Introduction

Study design and sample

Results

Discussion

Acknowledgements

References

7 Child health and growth in urban South Africa

Introduction

Growth pattern analysis

Birth cohort studies: the 'Birth to Ten' project

Acknowledgements

References

8 From countryside to town in Morocco: ecology, culture and public health

Inroduction

The rural and urban environments in the province of Marrakesh

The shift in life conditions from rural to urban environments

The shift in sociocultural behaviours

The shift in reproductive scores

Conclusion

References

9 Urban-rural population research: a town like Alice

The model

The study

Summary

References

10 Selection for rural-to-urban migrants in Guatemala

Introduction

Methods

Results

Discussion

Acknowledgements

References

11 Health and nutrition in Mixtec Indians: factors influencing the decision to migrate to urban centres

Materials and methods

Factors predisposing to emigration

Discussion

References

12 Urban health and ecology in Bunia, N. E. Zaire, with special reference to the physical development of children

Introduction

Fertility

Abortions, stillbirths and deaths

Infant mortality

Anthropometry

Clinical signs of malnutrition

Physical development and fitness of school-age children

Conclusion

References

13 Food for thought: meeting a basic need for low-income urban residents

Introduction

Subsistence production

Petty commodity production and retailing

The formal or conventional retail sector

Conclusions

References

14 Immunological parameters in northeast Arnhem Land Aborigines: consequences of changing settlement patterns and lifestyles

Introduction

The northeast Arnhem Land human ecology project

Results and discussion

Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

15 Amerindians and the price of modernisation

Introduction

New data

Current status of the New World 'syndrome' hypothesis

A more formal specification of the genetic model for the NWS

Discussion

Acknowledgements

References

16 Sex ratio determinants in Indian populations: studies at national, state and district levels

Introduction

Data and methods

Results

Discussion

Acknowledgements

References

17 Polarisation and depolarisation in Africa

The World context

African urbanisation

Polarisation and primacy

Demographic urbanisation

Urban fertility

Urban mortality

Problems of city management of rural-urban migrants

Primate cities: generative or parasitic?

Depolarisation policies

Conclusion

References

18 Urbanisation in the Third World: health policy implications

Introduction

Problem identification

Policy formulation

Policy implementation

Conclusions

References

Index

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