New Approaches to English Linguistics

Editorial page

Title page

LCC data

Table of contents

Introduction

1. Corpus linguistics

2. Global English

3. Cognitive linguistics

4. Second language acquisition

5. The individual contributions

Acknowledgements

References

Accommodation, dialect contact and grammatical variation

1. Introduction: Accommodation and contact

2. Aims of the study

3. The Anglophone community in Japan

4. Methodology

4.1 Informants and data

4.2 Tokens and analysis

4.3 Social networks

5. Results

5.1 Overall distribution of variants of verbs of obligation

5.2 Linguistic constraint analysis: Types of obligation

5.3 Impact of the speaker’s social networks on variation

6. Discussion and conclusion

Acknowledgment

References

Patterns of linguistic globalization

1. Introduction

2. The macro-perspective: Aggregative analysis

2.1 Preparing and transforming the data

2.2 Applications

2.3 Limitations

3. Zooming in: Testing individual items and social factors

3.1 Regional means

3.2 Application of global mixed-effects linear regression models

3.3 Tracing age effects in individual items

3.4 Identifying globalizing lexical items in L1 and L2 Englishes

4. Conclusion

References

The substitutability and diffusion of want to and wanna in world Englishes

1. Introduction

2. Method

2.1 Data appraisal

2.2 Sociolinguistic appraisal

2.3 Want to/wanna and distinctions between standard and informal grammar

3. Results: Phonological features of standard want to, informal wanna

4. Results: Grammatical features of standard want to, informal wanna

4.1 Categories of mood

4.2 Want to and wanna in relative and subordinate clauses

4.3 Functional shift

5. Results: The semantics of want to and wanna

5.1 Want to and wanna in the sense of “intention”

5.2 Want to and wanna in the sense of “obligation”

5.3 Want to and wanna in the sense of the “hypothetical”

5.4 Want to associated with probability

5.5 Want to and wanna in figurative use

6. On the pragmatics of want to/wanna

6.1 Uses of want to/wanna and the speaker’s projections

6.2 From experience or counsel to the advisory use of want to and wanna

7. Discussion

References

Dialect contact influences on the use of get and the get-passive

1. Introduction

2. Token frequencies of get and its word-forms

2.1 Overall token frequencies of get across varieties

2.2 The distribution of the word-forms of get across varieties

3. The get-passive

3.1 The nature of the (get-) passive

3.2 Factors influencing the variation of the get-passive

3.2.1 Prescriptivism

3.2.2 Colloquialisation

3.2.3 Substrate influence

3.2.4 Mode

3.3 The special meaning and use of the get-passive

3.4 Summary of the hypotheses

3.5 Results from the data

3.5.1 Frequencies

3.5.2 Mode

3.5.3 Use and meaning

4. Conclusion

References

Future time marking in spoken Ghanaian English

1. Introduction

2. Future time marking in English: Previous research

3. Ghanaian English: Theoretical background and data

4. Counting and coding the future

4.1 Sentence type

4.2 Polarity

4.3 Subject type

4.4 Temporal adverbial specification

4.5 Agentivity

5. An analysis of WILL vs. BE GOING TO

6. Discussion

References

Ongoing changes in English modals

1. Introduction

2. ELF on a diachronic continuum

2.1 Some theoretical and methodological considerations

2.2 Material

3. Notes on the ongoing changes in the modal system

4. Results

4.1 Frequencies and comparisons with the native varieties

4.2 Quantitative patterns in individual core and emergent modals

4.3 Diachronic fortunes of modals in ELF and in World English varieties

5. Conclusions

References

Building interdisciplinary bridges

1. Introduction

2. Writing studies

2.1 Approaches in writing studies

2.2 Corpora and their use in writing studies

3. MUCH planned features

3.1 What does MUCH contribute to the writing research community?

4. Building MUCH

4.1 Data description

4.2 Data collection and processing

4.3 Text annotation

4.4 Data sustainability and availability

5. Concluding remarks

References

Anchor 1

1. Introduction

2. Second language acquisition of discourse markers

3. Research questions

4. Data and methodology

5. The use of discourse markers by learners with varying degrees of naturalistic input

5.1 Overall results

5.2 Length of stay in a target-language country

5.3 EFL-like vs. ESL-like environment

5.4 Foreign vs. institutionalised second-language varieties of English

5.5 A more qualitative peek

6. Discussion and conclusion

References

Processing of aspectual meanings by non-native and native English speakers during narrative comprehension

1. Introduction

2. Second language acquisition

3. Linguistic theory of aspect

4. Cognitive processing of aspect

5. The present study

6. Method

6.1 Participants

6.2 Design

6.3 Passages

6.4 Procedure

7. Results

7.1 Moment-to-moment processing

7.2 Off-line processing

8. Discussion

8.1 Moment-to-moment processing

8.2 Off-line processing

9. General discussion and conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

Statistical sequence and parsing models for descriptive linguistics and psycholinguistics

1. Introduction

2. Background and motivation: Language models

2.1 A case for statistical language models in linguistics

2.1.1 Significance tests are not enough

2.1.2 The envelope of variation

2.1.3 Binary local decisions

2.2 Models for natural language processing

2.2.1 N-gram models and the idiom principle

2.2.2 Syntactic models: Distributed interdependent decisions

2.3 L1 and L2 data

3. Data and methodology

3.1 Data

3.2 Surprisal and UID

3.3 High levels of residuals and low model fit of parsers as indicator

4. Results: Two language processing models

4.1 Surprisal at the level of word sequences

4.2 Syntactic parser as a processing model

4.2.1 Parser accuracy

4.2.2 Parser model fit

5. Ambiguity

5.1 Garden-path sentences

5.2 Avoidance of ambiguity

5.3 Forcing rare constituent order and alternative lexis

6. Conclusions

References

Name index

Subject index