Chapter
1.5. Forms and Mobilization of Compost Metals
2. EVALUATION CRITERIA PARAMETERS – QUALITY ASPECTS
2.2. Humic Substances in Compost
2.4. Quality of Compost - Physical Factors Affecting Compost Quality
2.5. Compost Maturity Tests – Phytotoxicity Test
2.6. Contaminants in Composts
2.7. Compost Metal Concentration Limits
3. UTILIZATIONS OF COMPOST
4.1. Horticulture / Agriculture
4.2. Physical Soil Improvements
4.3. Chemical Soil Improvements
4.4. Plant Disease Suppression
4.5. Effects of Compost on Soils and Crops
4.6. Compost Effect on Soil Quality
Common Indicators of Soil Quality
Indicators for Biological Soil Properties
Indicators for Chemical and Physical Soil Properties
Compost Improves Soil Quality
4.6. Beneficial Effects as a Fertilizer and Soil Conditioner
4.7. Significant Disadvantages for the Utilization of Compost
Chapter 3 SUCCESSION AND PHYLOGENETIC COMPOSITION OF MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES RESPONSIBLE FOR THE COMPOSTING PROCESS OF RICE STRAW
1.1. Composts in Crop Production
1.2. Environments and Microbiology in Composting Process
1.3. Microbiota in the Composting Process
1.4. Studies on Microbiota Responsible for the Composting Process of RS
2. DECOMPOSITION OF RICE STRAW DURING THE COMPOSTING PROCESS AND ITS ENVIRONMENT
2.1. Materials and Methods
2.2. Temperature, Ph (H2O), and Moisture Content during the Composting Process
2.3. RS Decomposition during the Composting Process
3. SUCCESSION OF COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF MICROBIOTA IN COMPOSTING RICE STRAW: ESTIMATION BY PHOSPHOLIPID FATTY ACID (PLFA) ANALYSIS
3.1. Materials and Methods
Nomenclature of Fatty Acids
3.2. Total Amount and Composition of PLFAs in RS Materials
3.3. Amount of PLFA in RS during the Composting Process
3.4. Changes in the Composition of PLFAs in RS during the Composting Process
3.5. Statistical Analysis of the PLFA Composition of RS during the Composting Process
4. SUCCESSIONS AND PHYLOGENETIC PROFILES OF MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES DURING THE COMPOSTING PROCESS OF RICE STRAW: ESTIMATION BY PCR-DGGE ANALYSIS
4.1. Materials and Methods
Nucleotide Sequence Accession Number
4.2. Eubacterial Communities during the Composting Process of RS
4.2.1. Succession of Eubacterial Communities
4.2.2. Phylogenetic Positions of Characteristic DGGE Bands
4.3. Eukaryote Communities during the RS Composting Process
4.3.1. DGGE Band Patterns of Eukaryote Communities
4.3.2. Eukaryotic Members Common during the Composting Period
4.3.3. Succession of Eukaryote Communities during the Composting RS
4.4. Methanogenic Archaeal Communities in the Composting Process
4.4.1. DGGE Band Patterns of Methanogenic Archaeal Communities
4.4.2 Succession and phylogenetic profile of methanogenic archaeal communities
The Second and Third Groups
4.4.3. Common Methanogenic Archaea in the Composting Process
Chapter 4 THE EFFECT OF COMPOSTING ON THE SURVIVAL OF PARASITIC GERMS
A. Aerobic Composting of Pharmaceutical Wastes in the Channels
B. Aerobic Composting of Wastes from Brewery in the Piles
C. Aerobic Composting of Chicken Excrements in the Piles
D. Anaerobic Stabilisation of Wastes in the Piles
PARASITOLOGICAL EXAMINATION
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL METHODS
A. Aerobic Composting of Pharmaceutical Wastes in the Channels
B. Aerobic Composting of Wastes from Brewery in the Piles
C/ Aerobic Composting of Chicken Excrements in the Piles
D. Anaerobic Stabilisation of Wastes in the Piles
Chapter 5 PEDOFAUNA BIODIVERSITY AND SOIL INDICATORS IN A VENEZUELAN AMAZONIAN SANDY SAVANNA SOIL: LONG-TERM AMENDED WITH LOW INPUTS OF IN SITU PRODUCED COMPOST
Description of the Farm Amended with Compost
Sampling for Soil Fertility Studies
Sampling for Additional Chemical, Biochemical and Microbial Biomass Studies
Microbial C and N Biomass, N Mineralization Rates
Macro Arthropods Sampling
RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION
Changes in Soil Physical Characteristics
Changes in Soil Chemical Characteristics
C/Po Ratios and P Available Indexes
Microbial Biomasses and Enzymatic Activities
Earthworm Composition, Density and Biomass
Community Structure and Abundance of Macro Arthropods
Some remarks on economical sustainability affecting the OAFS
Chapter 6 ANALYSIS OF THE BACTERIAL COMMUNITY AND ITS SUCCESSION IN THE COMPOST BY USING MOLECULAR BIOLOGICAL METHODS, 16S rRNA GENE CLONE ANALYSIS AND DENATURING GRADIENT GEL ELECTROPHORESIS ANALYSIS
EXTRACTION OF COMMUNITY DNA FROM SAMPLES
16S rRNA GENE CLONE ANALYSIS
1) Construction of 16S rRNA Gene Clone Library
2) Transformation of E. coli and Sequencing of 16S rDNA
3) Homology Search and Estimation of Phylogenetic Affiliations
4) Analysis of the Homologous Coverage
5) Construction of a Phylogenetic Tree
DENATURING GRADIENT GEL ELECTROPHORESIS ANALYSIS
1) PCR Amplification of 16S rDNA
2) Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis
3) DNA Recovery from DGGE Gel and Sequencing of 16S rDNA
Chapter 7 EFFECT OF CONTINUOUS COMPOST APPLICATION ON CARBON AND NITROGEN CONTENTS OF WHOLE SOILS AND THEIR PARTICLE SIZE FRACTIONS IN A FIELD SUBJECTED MAINLY TO DOUBLE CROPPING
Particle Size Fractionation
Determination of Organic C
Chapter 8 BIOTIC LANDFILL CH4 EMISSION ABATEMENT USING BIO-WASTE COMPOST AS A LANDFILL COVER∗
A. Landfill Gas Production
B. Factors Controlling Landfill Gas Production and Composition
III. BIO-WASTE COMPOST AS A LANDFILL COVER
A. Biotic Landfill Ch4 Abatement
B. Effect of Environmental Factors on Ch4 Oxidation in Bio-Waste Compost
CH4 Oxidation Temperatures
Moisture Contents and Oxygen Availability
D. Review of the Current State of Knowledge
IV. REGULATORY AND SUSTAINABLE ASPECTS OF BIO-WASTE COMPOST AS A LANDFILL COVER
Chapter 9 COMPOSTING APPROACHES OF CONTAMINATED SOILS AND WASTE∗
II. POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAH)-CONTAMINATED SOILS AND WASTE
III. CHRONOLOGICAL EVOLUTION OF COMPOSTING OF PAH-CONTAMINATED SOILS AND WASTE AS A BIOREMEDIATION TECHNOLOGY
B. Towards Optimization of Physico-Chemical Parameters in Composting
C. Towards Optimization of Microbiological Parameters in Composting
D. Using Different Amendments
E. Treatment of PAH Contaminated Soils and Waste with Compost
F. Comparing Composting with other Bioremediation Technologies
G. Current State of the Art
IV. IN-VESSEL COMPOSTING OF AN AGED COAL-TAR CONTAMINATED SOIL: A CASE STUDY
Total Organic Matter (TOM) in Composting Mixtures
PAHs in Composting Mixtures
Organic Matter of Composting Mixtures
B. PAHs Disappearance in an Aged Coal-Tar Contaminated Soil during in-Vessel Composting
Effect of Soil to Green Waste Ratio
Effect of Moisture Content
Optimal Conditions for PAH Disappearance during in-Vessel Composting
Kinetics of PAH Removal during in-Vessel Composting
C. Organic Matter Dynamics in an Aged Coal-Tar Contaminated Soil during in-Vessel Composting
Total Organic Matter Evolution during Composting
Contour EEM Fluorescence Spectra in Composting Mixtures of a Coal-Tar Contaminated Soil as Compared to other EEM Fluorescence Spectra
Impact of Temperature, Soil to Greenwaste Ratio and Moisture Content on Contour EEM Fluorescence Spectra
Fluorescence Intensity Evolution during in-Vessel Composting of an Aged Coal-Tar Contaminated Soil
Fluorescence Index Evolution during in-Vessel Composting of an Aged Coal-Tar Contaminated Soil
D. Microbial Community Structure Changes in an Aged Coal-Tar Contaminated Soil during in-Vessel Composting
Analysis of Phospholipids Fatty Acids
Fungal to Bacterial Ratio Changes during Composting
Gram-Positive to Gram-Negative Bacterial Ratio Changes during Composting
E. Different in-Vessel Composting Approaches to Remove PAHs in an Aged Coal-Tar Contaminated
V. REGULATORY AND SUSTAINABLE ASPECTS OF IN-VESSEL COMPOSTING AS A BIOREMEDIATION TECHNOLOGY
Chapter 10 LIGNOCELLULOLYTIC MICROORGANISMS FROM A COMPOSTING HABITAT: CURRENT AND FUTURE PROSPECTS∗
2.5. Carbon : Nitrogen Ratio (C:N)
3. MICROBIOLOGY OF COMPOSTING
3.1. Cellulolytic Microorganisms in Composting Processes
3.2. Hemicellulolytic Microorganisms in Composting Processes
3.3. Ligninolytic Microorganisms in Composting Processes
4. INDUSTRIAL AND BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF LIGNOCELLULOLYTIC MICROORGANISMS
4.1. Pulp and Paper Industry
4.2. Production of Biological Fuels
4.5. Food and Feed Industry
Composting: Processing, Materials and Approaches
( Waste and Waste Management )
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