SUICIDE IN THE MILITARY

SUICIDE IN THE MILITARY

Contents

Preface

Suicidal Behavior Among Peacekeepers: An International Perspective

Abstract

Introduction

What is Peacekeeping?

Peacekeeping, a Positive Experience?

Peacekeeping Stress and Traumatic Events

Different Stressors

Low-Intensity Stressors

Potentially Traumatic Events

Risk Factors for Mental Health Problems in Peacekeepers

Protective Factors

Suicidal Behavior during Active Peacekeeping Duty

Completed Suicide in Former Peacekeepers

Suicidal Ideation and Attempts in Former Peacekeepers

Suicide Prevention in Peacekeepers

Conclusion

References

Suicide and Mental Health Among Peacekeepers: A Review of the Literature

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Introduction

Nature of Peacekeeping Work

How Peacekeeping Impacts Mental Health and Suicidal Behavior

Literature Review

Methods and Review Strategy

Limitations of the Literature

Prevalence of PTSD and other Mental Illness Among Peacekeepers

Stress and Trauma Related to Peacekeeping

Risk Factors for Mental Illness Among Peacekeepers

Peacekeepers’ Health and Mental Health Care

Suicide and Peacekeeping

Implications

Conclusion

References

Suicidal Behaviour Among Current and Former Peacekeepers

Abstract

Introduction

Risk Factors for Suicide and Mental Health Disease in Current and Former Peacekeepers

Parental Psychosocial Problems

Negative Life Events

Involuntary Repatriation from Service

Exposure to Combat and Witnessing Atrocities or Massacres

Psychological Factors During Deployment

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Alcohol Abuse

Unmarried/Separated/Divorced Status

Methods for Completing Suicide in Peacekeepers

Suicidal Behaviour among Former Peacekeepers

Suicide Risk in Current Peacekeepers

Preventive Measures

References

Suicide Prevention in the Army

Abstract

Introduction

Epidemiology

Methods of Completed Suicide

Main Risk Factors

International Comparisons of Suicide Rates

Afghanistan and Iraq

Israel

Norwegian, Greek, Romanian and Ukrainian Armies

Suicide Prevention in the Army

Suicide Prevention Programs

Limitations

References

The Swiss System of Militia Army – A Suicide Risk?

Abstract

Introduction

The Swiss Army

Review of the Literature

“Werther-Effect” and Availability of Suicide Means

Availability of Fire Weapons and their use in Homicide and Suicide

Suicide and National Service

Suicide and Homicide in the Region of Basle

Objectives of the Study

Material and Method

Analysis

Results

Suicide Methods

Sample characteristics

Medical and Psychiatric History, and other Features of Suicide

Double Suicides

Homicides

Discussion

Psychiatric Morbidity

Extended Suicide and Cultural Values

Limitations

Conclusion

Literature

The Occurrence of Suicide in the Hungarian Defense Force after the Abolition of Obligatory Regular Army Between 2005 and 2007 in Comparison with Previous Years. Suicide Prevention in the Military

Abstract

I. Introduction

II. Purpose

III. Methods

IV. Data Sources

V. Discussion and Conclusion

References

Suicide Prevention in the Military

Abstract

Introduction

Reasons for Suicide in the Military

Prevention Strategies

Conclusion

References

Suicide Prevention in a Top-Down Society

Abstract

Introduction

The Military and Suicide

Top-Down Society

Discussion

Conclusion

References

Preventing Suicide in the Military: Plenty of Room for Improvement

Abstract

Introduction

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Tertiary Prevention

Universal, Selective and Indicated Interventions

Conclusion

References

The Concept of Posttraumatic Mood Disorder and its Relation to Suicidal Behavior in War Veterans

Abstract

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Major Depressive Disorder

The Concept of Post-Traumatic Mood Disorder

Suicidal Behavior in PTMD

The Concept of PTMD and Suicidal Behavior in War Veterans

Conclusion

References

Sleep Disturbances and Suicide Prevention in the Military

Abstract

Sleep and Military Service

Sleep and Suicide

Homeostatic Regulation of Sleep-Wake Activity

Disruption of Synaptic Homeostasis and Suicide

Preventing Sleep Problems in the Military

References

Suicidality and Suicide Prevention Among War Veterans with Traumatic Brain Injury

Abstract

1. Introduction

2. Introduction to TBI

3. How Widespread is TBI Among Veterans?

4. Prevalence of Suicidality Among Veterans with TBI

4.1 Suicide among all Veterans

4.2 Suicide among Veterans with TBI

5. What Nonlethal Suicidal Behaviours do Veterans with TBI Display?

6. Risk Factors for Suicidality after TBI

Sex

Injury Severity

Post-Injury Psychiatric Morbidity

Occupational Status

Other Factors

7. Suicide Prevention

7. CONCLUSION

Acknowledgments

References

Alcohol and Suicide

Abstract

Alcohol Use Disorders

An Historical Note

Epidemiology of Suicidal Behavior in Alcohol Use Disorders

Neurobiological Considerations

Serotonin

Dopamine

Brain Damage

Clinical Aspects

Chronic Effects of Alcohol

Acute Effects of Alcohol

Management

References

Index