INTERNET AND SUICIDE

INTERNET AND SUICIDE

CONTENTS

PREFACE

THE INTERNET IN SUICIDE PREVENTION AND PROMOTION

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

VULNERABLE POPULATIONS

THE INTERNET IN THE PROMOTION OF SUICIDE

Non-Interactive Web-Sites as a Means Of Promoting Suicide

Web-Sites Describing Methods

Web-Sites that Glamorize Suicide

Web-Sites that Oppose Established Treatments for Mental Illness

Interactive Web-sites as a Means of Promoting Suicide

Chat Rooms

Suicide Pacts

Message Boards, Weblogs, and Joke Forums

Acquisition of Dangerous Substances

THE INTERNET IN THE PREVENTION OF SUICIDE

Difficulty in Regulating Internet Content

THE PREVENTION/PROMOTION DEBATE

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

THE INTERNET: ITS ROLE IN THE OCCURRENCE AND PREVENTION OF SUICIDE

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

THE INFLUENCE OF MEDIA

THE INTERNET

INTERNET AND HEALTH

INTERNET AS A PRO-SUICIDE TOOL

Suicide Methods

Newsgroups or Discussion Forums / Chat Rooms

Suicide Pacts

Online Disinhibition Effect and Cybersuicide

INTERNET AS AN ANTI-SUICIDE TOOL

Support Groups/Help Line

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

THE ADVANTAGES AND THE DISADVANTAGES OF THE INTERNET IN PREVENTING SUICIDE

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

PURPOSE

METHODS

RESULTS

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

The Advantages of the Internet

The Disadvantages of the Internet

Proposals

REFERENCES

WEB-BASED SUICIDE PREVENTION EDUCATION: INNOVATIONS IN RESEARCH, TRAINING, AND PRACTICE

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

THE CHALLENGE

HOW MANY SUICIDE PREVENTION GATEKEEPERS DO WE NEED?

LEVERAGING THE POWER OF THE WEB

Time Savings

Convenience

Cost and Return on Investment

STANDARDIZED TRAINING DELIVERED IN A STANDARDIZED FASHION

ONLINE QPR GATEKEEPER TRAINING: A STANDARD CORE PROGRAM WITH CUSTOMIZATION

Blending Face-to-Face Support with Online Training

Cultural Adaptation and Customization

THE AUSTRALIAN EXPERIMENT

RESULTS OF THE EVALUATION

PERCEIVED SELF-EFFICACY

CHANGES IN BEHAVIOR BY PARTICIPANTS

DISCUSSION OF RESULTS OF THIS STUDY

PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED

CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

REFERENCES

IMPROVING PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTICE IN SUICIDE PREVENTION THROUGH ONLINE TRAINING: A CASE EXAMPLE

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

HISTORY

WORKSHOP CONTENT

MARKETING

CONTINUING EDUCATION UNITS

HUMAN RESOURCES AND INFRASTRUCTURE

EVALUATION

EVALUATION RESULTS

CONCLUSION

APPENDIX 1. WORKSHOP LEARNING OBJECTIVES

REFERENCES

INTERNET RESOURCES FOR PREVENTING SUICIDE

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

THE INTERNET AS A FACILITATOR OF SUICIDE

THE INTERNET AND SUICIDE PREVENTION

SAHAR

Support Groups

The Befrienders: Suicide Prevention By E-Mail

The Client

The Process

Discussion

E-Therapy

Caveats From Experiences with Telephone Therapy

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

PREVENTING SUICIDE THROUGH THE INTERNET

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

INTERNET: E-MERGENCY ROOM

SUICID-E-PREVENTION

PRO-SUICID-E-LIMINATION

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

WARNING SIGNS FOR SUICIDE: SAFE AND EFFECTIVE INFORMATION DELIVERY ONLINE

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: WHY FOCUS ON WARNING SIGNS?

PUBLIC AWARENESS AND EDUCATION

THE INTERNET AND MENTAL HEALTH INFORMATION

ONLINE INFORMATION, MISINFORMATION AND ITS IMPACT

Quality of Information Online

Internet User Behavior and the Impact of Health Information

Effects of Exposure to Information about Suicide

WARNING SIGNS FOR SUICIDE: AAS CONSENSUS

Warning Signs vs. Risk Factors

AAS Consensus Warning Signs

INFORMATIONAL RESOURCES ON THE INTERNET

Resources for at Risk Individuals and Concerned Others

Resources for Helping Professionals

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF DATA IN UNDERSTANDING YOUTH SUICIDE — INSTANT MESSAGES

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

ANN’S DEATH

INFORMATION FROM THE CORONER’S REPORT

INFORMATION FROM THE INTERVIEW WITH ANN’S MOTHER

1. Socio-demographics Characteristics

2. Psychiatric Conditions

3. Psychological Factors

4. Recent Life Events Variables

INFORMATION FROM ANN’S INSTANT MESSAGES AND WRITINGS RETRIEVED FROM HER COMPUTER

DISCUSSION

CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

REFERENCES

INTERNET AND EMERGING SUICIDE METHOD: A CASE STUDY OF CONTAGION OF CHARCOAL BURNING SUICIDES VIA THE INTERNET

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

REVIEW OF CASE REPORTS

Age and Gender

Rare Suicide Methods Requiring Know-how

Ways to Locate the Information Sources

Motivations

CASE STUDY: CHARCOAL BURNING SUICIDES ACROSS ASIAN COUNTRIES

DISCUSSION

Theoretical Explanations

What Can we Do to Prevent the Contagion via Internet?

Call for Research

Understanding the Epidemiology of Internet Effect on Suicide

Operationalizing the Exposure to Internet Effect

Methodological Issues

Evaluating the Interventions

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

REFERENCES

“I AM SO SICK OF THIS LIFE": A SEMIOTIC ANALYSIS OF SUICIDAL MESSAGES ON THE INTERNET

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

The Quest for Understanding Suicide

Suicide and the Internet

THE CURRENT STUDY

Data and Analysis

Results

Semiotic Analysis of Messages in an Online Support Group

Semiotic Analysis of Messages in Personal Chats

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

THE INTERNET AND SUICIDE PACTS

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

TRADITIONAL SUICIDE PACTS

CYBERSUICIDE PACTS

ROLE OF THE INTERNET IN SUICIDE PACTS

PREVENTION OF CYBERSUICIDES AND CYBERSUICIDE PACTS

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

INTERNET AS A HEALING OR KILLING TOOL IN YOUTH SUICIDE PHENOMENON

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

THE INTERNET

“KILLING” RELATIONSHIP - NET SUICIDE, NET SUICIDE PACT

SUICIDE CONTAGION AMONG TEENS VIA INTERNET

RELATION BETWEEN SUICIDE AND INTERNET ABUSE

SUICIDE FORUMS AND YOUTH

THE ROLE OF MEDIA

“HEALING” RELATIONSHIP

INTERNET AS A TOOL IN SCREENING OF SUICIDE

INTERNET BASED MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES PROGRAMMS FOR YOUTH

ONLINE SUPPORT CHAT

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

EXPLORING SELF-INJURY AND SUICIDE IN RELATION TO SELF-HARM DISCUSSION GROUPS ON THE INTERNET

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

THE CONSTRUCTION OF ‘US’ AND ‘THEM’

CONSTRUCTION OF CUTTING AS AN ADDICTION

THE PHYSICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF SELF-HARMING

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

“ACROSS THE STREET – NOT DOWN THE ROAD” - STAYING ALIVE THROUGH DELIBERATE SELF-HARM

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

NUMBERS, LABELS AND ILLUSIONS

ON THE INTERNET

TO UNDERSTAND OR TO LISTEN?

TO STAY CLOSE

IS THERE A PLACE FOR PSYCHIATRY?

THE PACE OF CHANGE

ME AND I IN THE 21ST CENTURY

PATHS AHEAD, BRIDGING THE GAP

Systemic Approach

Empowerment Strategies

Implications

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

BORDERLINE PERSONALITY, CONTAGION, AND THE INTERNET

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

BORDERLINE PERSONALITY: A BRIEF OVERVIEW

KNOWN SUICIDE RISK FACTORS IN BORDERLINE PERSONALITY

Internal Risk Factors

General Psychological Features

Past Suicide Attempts

Axis I Comorbidity

Axis II Comorbidity

External Risk Factors

Adverse Life Events

Parental Dysfunction

Poor Social Adjustment in the Immediate Family

Childhood Abuse

Interpersonal Stressors in Adulthood

General Conclusions

SUICIDE ATTEMPTS/COMPLETIONS AND THE INTERNET

BORDERLINE PERSONALITY AND HYPER-RESPONSIVENESS TO THE ENVIRONMENT

CONTAGION PHENOMENA

PUTTING THE PIECES TOGETHER

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

INFORMATION FOR CRISIS INTERVENTION AND SUICIDE PREVENTION RESOURCES FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS ON THE INTERNET

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ADDICTIVE AND SUICIDAL BEHAVIOUR

THE INTERNET AS A SOURCE FOR HELP AND SUPPORT

INTERNET PAGES FOR HELP AND SUPPORT FOR ADDICTS IN ENGLISH AND IN GERMAN LANGUAGE

CONCLUSION

CHALLENGES FOR FUTURE RESEARCH

REFERENCES

EFFECT OF MASS MEDIA ON SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR IN PATIENTS WITH PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

CLASSICAL MASS MEDIA AND SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR

THE INTERNET AND SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR

PSYCHOTIC SUICIDE AND MASS MEDIA

INTERNET THERAPEUTICAL POTENTIAL FOR SUICIDE PREVENTION IN PSYCHOTIC PATIENTS

INTERNET RESOURCES

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

THE USE OF THE INTERNET FOR RESEARCH ON SUICIDES IN THE ELDERLY

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

LITERATURE SEARCH IN THE PLANNING OF RESEARCH

CROSS-NATIONAL VARIATIONS IN ELDERLY SUICIDE RATES

CROSS-NATIONAL AND NATIONAL STUDIES EXAMINING TRENDS IN ELDERLY SUICIDE RATES OVER TIME

AGE-ASSOCIATED TRENDS IN SUICIDE RATES

PROTECTIVE AND RISK FACTORS

PITFALLS IN USING DATA ON ELDERLY SUICIDE RATES FROM THE INTERNET

MISCELLANEOUS USE OF THE INTERNET IN RESEARCH OF ELDERLY SUICIDES

PUBLICATION OF THE FINDINGS OF RESEARCH ON ELDERLY SUICIDES

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

FOR BETTER OR FOR WORSE? SUICIDE AND THE INTERNET IN THE WORLD TODAY

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

The Media and Suicide

The Internet and Suicide

Who Is most Vulnerable?

For Better or for Worse? Making the Best of it

HOW CAN CLINICIANS HELP?

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

MEDIA SUICIDE-REPORTS, INTERNET USE AND THE INCIDENCE OF SUICIDES IN JAPAN

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND

METHODS

Study Period

Data Collection

Data Analysis

RESULTS

DISCUSSION

REFERENCES

INTERNET-ASSOCIATED SUICIDE IN JAPAN

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

OVERVIEW OF SUICIDE IN JAPAN

INTERNET DEPENDENCE IN YOUTH

THE INTERNET AND SUICIDE

SUICIDE WEBSITES

INTERNET SUICIDE PACTS

SUICIDE PREVENTION

PREVENTION OF SUICIDE PACTS IN JAPAN

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

HARD-TO-REACH POPULATIONS AND STIGMATIZED TOPICS: INTERNET-BASED MENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH FOR JAPANESE MEN WHO ARE GAY, BISEXUAL, OR QUESTIONING THEIR SEXUAL ORIENTATION

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

DIFFICULT SOCIAL CONDITIONS FOR JAPANESE GBQ MEN

INTERNET STUDIES OF MILESTONE EVENTS AMONG JAPANESE GBQ MEN

Milestone Events During Early Teenage Years: Coming to Terms with Sexuality

Milestone Events during Late Teenage Years: Suicidal Thoughts

Milestone Events during Early Adulthood: Sexual Behavior

MENTAL HEALTH, SUICIDAL IDEATION AND SUICIDE ATTEMPTS

HETEROSEXUAL ROLE CONFLICT AND PRESSURES TO REMAIN INVISIBLE

HIV PREVENTION IN JAPAN

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

SUICIDE IN CHINA IN THE ERA OF THE INTERNET

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SUICIDE IN CHINA

I. Youth and Elder Suicides Rates Are High

II. Higher Female Suicide Rates than Males

III. Suicide Rates are Higher in Rural Areas than Urban Areas

IV. The Level of Mental Illness, Particularly Depression, in Suicide Victims Are Relatively Low

SUMMARY OF SOCIO-CULTURAL UNDERSTANDINGS OF UNIQUE CHINESE SUICIDE EPIDEMIOLOGY

STATE OF CHINA’S MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES

OVERVIEW OF SUICIDE EPIDEMIOLOGY FOR CHINESE URBAN YOUTH

OVERVIEWS OF POPULAR PSYCHOSOCIAL EXPLANATIONS ON URBAN YOUTH SUICIDE

INTERNET RELATED SUICIDE IN CHINA

PROMINENT CHINESE VIEWS ON AND REACTIONS TO INTERNET RELATED SUICIDE

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

INTERNET COMMUNICATION ABOUT ASSISTED OR "RATIONAL" SUICIDE: LEGAL AND ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR PRACTICE

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

CASE EXAMPLE OF A PERSON WITH ALS WHO IS CONSIDERING SUICIDE

CIVIL LIABILITY FOR PHYSICIANS AND PSYCHOTHERAPISTS

ETHICAL CODES, GUIDANCE STATEMENTS, AND THE INTERNET

ETHICAL CODES, ORGANIZATIONAL STATEMENTS, AND ASSISTED OR RATIONAL SUICIDE

EMPIRICAL LITERATURE, CONSULTATION, AND SELF-EXAMINATION

INITIATING MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT ONLINE

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

CAN SUICIDE BE QUANTIFIED AND CATEGORIZED?

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

THE INTERNET, MEDIA AND SUICIDE

QUANTIFYING SUICIDE

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

MENTAL ILLNESS AND SUICIDE

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

DEPRESSION AND SUICIDE

BIPOLAR DISORDER AND SUICIDE

SCHIZOPHRENIA AND SUICIDE

HISTORY OF SUICIDE ATTEMPTS

COMORBID PHYSICAL ILLNESS AND SUICIDE

POST DISCHARGE CLUSTERING OF SUICIDES

POST VISIT SUICIDE

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

THE CONCEPT OF POST-TRAUMATIC MOOD DISORDER, SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR IN WAR VETERANS AND POSSIBLE USE OF INTERNET-BASED THERAPIES IN THE TREATMENT OF WAR VETERANS WITH POSTTRAUMATIC MOOD DISORDER

ABSTRACT

POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER

THE CONCEPT OF POST-TRAUMATIC MOOD DISORDER

THE CONCEPT OF PTMD AND SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR IN WAR VETERANS

POSSIBLE USE OF INTERNET-BASED THERAPIES

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

INTERNET SUICIDE PHENOMENON IN JAPAN

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

SUICIDE TRENDS IN JAPAN

INTERNET PENETRATION TRENDS IN JAPAN

INTERNET SUICIDE TRENDS IN JAPAN

INTERNET SUICIDE PREVENTION STRATEGIES

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

INDEX