WAR AND SUICIDE

WAR AND SUICIDE

CONTENTS

PREFACE

PART I: WAR, HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND SUICIDE

Chapter 1 UNDERSTANDING HUMAN BEHAVIOR DURING WAR

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

WARS ON THE WORLD MAP

CAUSES OF WAR

AGGRESSION

ANTHROPOLOGY OF VIOLENCE

SOCIAL PHENOMENA

BORDERLINE CULTURE

PSYCHOSOCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF WAR

FAMILY AND CHILDREN

MENTAL HEALTH PROFESSION

WHY WAR, AGAIN?

REFERENCES

Chapter 2 PEOPLE ACT, PEOPLE MAKE WARS, PEOPLE REACT: UNDERSTANDING HUMAN BEHAVIOR DURING WAR

ABSTRACT

1. INTRODUCTION: AS WAR CHANGES, A MAN CHANGES

2. FOR THE BENEFIT OF YOU, ME, US IN TIMES OF CRISIS

3. WHEN WAR AND CHILDHOOD OVERLAP

4. THE WAR IS OVER. NOW WHAT?

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Chapter 3 WAR, MASSIVE SOCIAL CHANGE AND SUICIDE

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

RATIONALE AND METHODOLOGY

WAR AND SUICIDE

TREATMENT OF SUICIDE

DISCUSSION

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Chapter 4 WAR AND DEPRESSION

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

CONCLUSION

REFERENCE

Chapter 5 MENTAL DISORDER, WAR AND SUICIDE

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

THE 1991-1995 HOMELAND WAR AND SUICIDE

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Chapter 6 THEY ALSO SERVE WHO ONLY STAND AND WAIT: SUICIDE IN WARTIME CIVILIAN POPULATIONS

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

THEORETICAL MODELS OF SUICIDE IN WARTIME

EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FOR THE EFFECT OF WAR ON CIVILIAN SUICIDE RATES

War is Associated with a Decline in Suicide Rates

War is Associated with an Increase in Suicide Rates

THE ACTIONS OF COVARIATES IN MEDIATING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WAR AND SUICIDE RATES

GROUPS MOST VULNERABLE TO SUICIDE IN WARTIME

THE AVAILABILITY OF LETHAL MEANS IN WARTIME

DIFFICULTIES IN RESEARCHING SUICIDE IN WARTIME

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Chapter 7 THE NETHERLANDS AND WORLD WAR II, JEWS AND SUICIDE

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

THE FOUR LAYERS IN DURKHEIM’S THEORY OF SUICIDE

HALBWACHS ON SUICIDE

SUICIDE STATISTICS FOR THE NETHERLANDS

THE ACCURACY OF DUTCH SUICIDE STATISTICS

AN ULTRA-BRIEF HISTORY OF THE NETHERLANDS AND ITS JEWISH POPULATION

SUICIDE ON THE NETHERLANDS BEFORE, DURING AND AFTER WORLD WAR II

SUICIDES BY PERSONS SUSPECTED OF POLITICAL CRIMES, 1944 TO 1947

SUICIDES BY JEWISH PERSONS, 1940-1943

SUICIDES BY NON-JEWS 1940-1945

CONCLUSION

PRIMARY SOURCES

LITERATURE

PART II: STRESS AND SUICIDE

Chapter 8 STRESS AND SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS OF SUICIDE

Serotonergic System and Suicide

Stress System and Suicide

Relationships between Both Systems

Stress, Suicide and Neuroimaging

Genetic Bases for Suicide

ENVIRONMENT AND SUICIDE

Distal (Childhood) Adverse Experience and Suicide

Proximal Life Events and Suicide

STRESS, SUICIDE AND MENTAL DISORDERS

LIMITATIONS AND IDEAS FOR THE FUTURE

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

Chapter 9 POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER AND SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

MATERIALS AND METHODS

RESULTS

Association between PTSD and Suicide

FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR IN PTSD

Re-Experiencing Symptoms

Guilt

Comorbidity

PREDICTIVE FACTORS FOR SUICIDE IN PTSD

Torture and Suicide

Women and Racial Minority Groups

NEUROBIOLOGY OF SUICIDE RISK IN PTSD

PTSD and Cortisol

PTSD, Neuroendocrine Alterations and Suicidality

PTSD and the Serotonergic System

A POSSIBLE PSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL

THERAPY AND SUICIDE PREVENTION

Pharmacological Treatment

Psychotherapy

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

Chapter 10 MEDICALIZATION OF DISTRESS: PROS AND CONS

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

MEDICALIZATION AND PTSD

MEDICAL VIEW

SOCIO-POLITICAL VIEW

INTEGRATION OF MEDICAL AND SOCIO-POLITICAL MODELS

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

PART III: WAR AND CHILDREN

Chapter 11 BIO-BEHAVIORAL CONSEQUENCES OF TRAUMATIC STRESS IN CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE: THE EFFECTS OF WAR ON CHILDREN’S MENTAL HEALTH, GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

ABSTRACT

1. INTRODUCTION

2. PTSD AND CO-MORBIDITIES

3. BIOLOGICAL STRESS SYSTEMS AND THE DEVELOPING ORGANISM

Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Stress System

Biology of PTSD

Transgenerational Effects of Trauma, Parental PTSD and Fetal Programming of the HPA Axis and Genetic Vulnerability to PTSD

4. A FOCUS ON THE EFFECTS OF WAR

War related stress

War and PTSD

Traumatic Experiences and Suicide in Adolescents

5. POTENTIAL IMPLICATIONS FOR GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

6. CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Chapter 12 TRAUMA AND POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS IN CHILD SOLDIERS OF WORLD WAR II

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

METHODS

RESULTS

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

PART IV: PHYSICAL INJURY AND SUICIDE

Chapter 13 COMBAT RELATED PHYSICAL INJURY AND SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

COMBAT RELATED PHYSICAL INJURY

PSYCHIATRIC MORBIDITY AND COMBAT RELATED PHYSICAL INJURY

SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR AND COMBAT RELATED PHYSICAL INJURY

SOME SPECIFIC INJURIES

AMPUTATION

SPINAL CORD INJURIES

DISFIGUREMENT

BLINDNESS

CASTRATION AND GENITAL MUTILATION

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Chapter 14 DEPLOYMENT-ACQUIRED TBI AND SUICIDALITY: RISK AND ASSESSMENT

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

CIVILIAN-ACQUIRED TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

DEPLOYMENT-ACQUIRED TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

TRADITIONAL SUICIDE RISK ASSESSMENT

THEORY-BASED SUICIDE RISK ASSESSMENT INCORPORATING SUICIDE AND REHABILITATION LITERATURES

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

Chapter 15 PREVENTING SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR AFTER TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

PRE-INJURY PROBLEMS

POST-INJURY PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS

Depression

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR

SUICIDAL IDEATION AND SUICIDE ATTEMPTS

COMPLETED SUICIDE

RISK FACTORS FOR SUICIDALITY

Substance Use

Severity of TBI

Risk Period

Premorbid Personality

Suicidal Behavior

PREVENTING SUICIDE

Universal Level

Selected Level

Indicated Level

REFERENCES

PART V: SUICIDE IN WAR VETERANS

Chapter 16 SUICIDE IN VETERANS

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

TERMINOLOGY

STUDIES OF DISCHARGED PERSONNEL

U.K.

Scandinavian Studies of Peacekeepers

U.S.A.

STUDIES OF VETERANS OF SPECIFIC CONFLICTS

Gulf Wars: U.K.

Gulf Wars: U.S.A.

Gulf Wars: International

Vietnam: U.S.A.

PREVENTING SUICIDE IN VETERANS

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Chapter 17 SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR IN WAR VETERANS

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SUICIDE IN WAR VETERANS

RISK FACTORS FOR SUICIDE IN WAR VETERANS

METHODS USED BY FOR SUICIDE BY WAR VETERANS

MODEL FOR SUICIDE IN WAR VETERANS

PREVENTION OF SUICIDE

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Chapter 18 THE INTERPERSONAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY OF SUICIDAL BEHAVIORS AS AN EXPLANATION OF SUICIDE AMONG WAR VETERANS

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

INTERPERSONAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY OF SUICIDE: AN OVERVIEW

INTERPERSONAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY OF SUICIDE AS APPLIED TO WAR VETERANS

CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE INTERPERSONAL- PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Chapter 19 THE CONCEPT OF POSTTRAUMATIC MOOD DISORDER AND ITS RELATION TO SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR IN WAR VETERANS

ABSTRACT

POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER

MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER

THE CONCEPT OF POST-TRAUMATIC MOOD DISORDER

SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR IN PTMD

THE CONCEPT OF PTMD AND SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR IN WAR VETERANS

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Chapter 20 LOCATING NOW: ON HISTORICAL TRAUMA AND THE CONFUSION OF IDENTITY

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

PART 1: TRAUMA

PART 2: RESILIENCE

PART 3: NEW TERRITORY

EPILOGUE

INDEX

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