Trends in Life Science Research ( Biotechnology in Agriculture, Industry and Medicine )

Publication series : Biotechnology in Agriculture, Industry and Medicine

Author: Rajeshwar P. Sinha;Umesh P. Shrivastava  

Publisher: Nova Science Publishers, Inc.‎

Publication year: 2018

E-ISBN: 9781536132427

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9781536132410

Subject: Q1-0 Introduction to Life Science

Keyword: 基础医学

Language: ENG

Access to resources Favorite

Disclaimer: Any content in publications that violate the sovereignty, the constitution or regulations of the PRC is not accepted or approved by CNPIEC.

Trends in Life Science Research

Chapter

Potential Role of Plant Beneficial Microorganisms in Agriculture

Production of Plant Growth Regulators

Phosphorous Solubilization for Plant Growth

Production of ACC Deaminase and Regulation of Ethylene Level in Plants

Nitrogen Fixation

Production of Volatile Organic Compounds

Rhizosphere Engineering

Plant Beneficial Microorganisms as Biotic Elicitors

Induction of Systemic Disease Resistance

Application of PGPR for Growth Enhancement

Plant Beneficial Microorganisms as Biofertilizer

Quorum Sensing Signal Interference and Inhibition of Biofilm Formation

Rhizoremediation

Effects of Plant Beneficial Microorganisms on Root Growth

Maintenance of Soil Fertility and Nutrient Uptake

Resistance to Water Stress

Antagonistic Activity of Plant Beneficial Microorganisms

Plant Beneficial Microorganisms as Biocontrol Agent

Selection and Characterization of Plant Beneficial Microorganisms

Commercialization of Plant Beneficial Microorganisms

Future Prospects and Challenges

Conclusion

References

Chapter 3

Herbal Cures for Psoriasis, an Autoimmune Disorder

Abstract

Introduction

Psoriasis: An Autoimmune Mediated Skin Disorder

History: Incidence and Prevalence of the Disease

Different Types of Psoriasis and Its Clinical Appearance

Major Causes of Psoriasis

Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Role of Lipoxygenases (LOXS)

Genetic Variations and Psoriasis

Epigenetic Risk Factors for Psoriasis

Pathogenesis of Psoriasis

Treatments Used for Psoriasis and Their Limitations

Conventional Treatments

Modern Biological Therapies for Psoriasis

Potential Role of Medicinal Plants: Natural Therapeutics

Conclusion

References

Chapter 4

The Basics of Stem Cells and Their Role in Vision

Abstract

Introduction

Origin of “Stem Cell”

Defining Stem Cells

Understanding Their Potency

Totipotent Stem Cells

Pluripotent Stem Cells

Multipotent Stem Cells

Unipotent Stem Cells

Types of Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Adult Stem Cells

Foetal Stem Cells

Umbilical Cord Stem Cells

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

A Note on “Turn Back”

Applications of Stem Cells

Stem Cells in the Eye

Prevalence of Blindness

Corneal Epithelium and Its Regeneration

Stem Cell Therapies in Cornea

Stem Cell Therapies in Retina

Ethics

I. The Moral Status and Ethics of Destroying Human Embryos

1. Commencement of the Existence of Human Being

2. Do Human Embryos Deserve Moral Status?

3. Ethics of Destroying Human Embryos

II. Ethics and Guidelines For Using Embryonic Stem Cells for Research

1. Guidelines for a Donor

2. Guidelines for the Derivation of the Embryonic Stem Cells

III. What are the Ethics of Creating Embryos for Research?

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 5

Tuberculosis: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment

Abstract

Introduction

History of Tuberculosis

Taxonomic Status and Classification of M. tuberculosis

Pathogenesis

Mechanisms-Intracellular Survival of M. tuberculosis

Granuloma - A Balance between M. tuberculosis and Macrophage

The Diagnosis of TB

Therapy of Tuberculosis

Case Definition

Chemotherapy

Directly Observed Treatment, Short Course Chemotherapy (DOTS)

The Stop TB Strategy

Current Trends in TB Research

Conclusion

References

Chapter 6

Innate Immune Response During Bacterial Keratitis

Abstract

Introduction

Epidemiology

Innate Immune Response at the Ocular Surface

Pathogen Recognition Receptors on Ocular Surface

TLRS in Corneal Inflammation

TLRS in Corneal Infection

Inflammasomes and Bacterial Keratitis

Cellular Infiltrates in Corneal Infection

Antimicrobial Peptides

Virulence Factors

Bacterial Resistance

Clinical Characteristics and Management

Pathology

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 7

Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced DNA Damage and Mechanisms of Repair in Cyanobacteria: An Overview

Abstract

Introduction

UV-Induced Generation of ROS

DNA Damage

UV-Induced Purine Photoproducts

Photolyase

Excision Repair

Base Excision Repair (BER)

DNA Gycolylase

AP Endonuclease

Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER)

Genes Associated with (A)BC Exonuclease

Dual Incision

Post Incision

Recombinational Repair

SOS Repair

Apoptosis

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 8

Sustainability in Agroecosystems: Management Strategies Involving Herbicides and Organic Inputs

Abstract

Introduction

Agroecosystem

Agroecosystem: Potential Carbon Sinks

Sustainable Management Practices

Soil Amendments of Varying Resource Quality

Weed Control

Some Selected Methods to Control Weeds

2, 4-D

Propanil

Butachlor

Pendimethalin

Tepraloxydim

Imazethapyr

Interaction of Herbicide with Plant and Soil

Impact of Application of Herbicide along with Organic Resources on Dynamics of Carbon and Nitrogen and Crop Productivity

Soil Microbial Biomass

Carbon Sequestration Potential

Nitrogen Dynamics in Soil

Crop Productivity

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 9

The Impacts of UV-B Radiation on the Enzymes of Nitrogen Metabolism in Cyanobacteria

Abstract

Abbreviations

Introduction

Effect of UV-B Radiation on Cyanobacteria

Nitrogen Metabolism in Cyanobacteria

Nitrogen Fixation

Heterocyst Development

Biochemistry and Genetic Regulation of N2 Fixing Cyanobacteria

Genetic Regulation

Effects of UV-B on Heterocyst Differentiation and Nitrogen-Fixing Enzyme Nitrogenase

Assimilation of Ammonium

Ammonium Uptake

Ammonium Assimilation Pathways

The Glutamine Synthetase/Glutamate Synthase Pathway

Glutamine Synthetase and the glnA Gene

Glutamate Synthase

Glutamate Dehydrogenase

Effect of UV-B on Enzymes of Ammonium Assimilation Pathways

Nitrate and Nitrite Assimilation

Nitrate and Nitrite Uptake

Nitrate Reduction

Nitrate Reductase

Nitrite Reductase

Effect of UV-B on Assimilation of Nitrate and Nitrite

Conclusion and Future Perspectives

References

Chapter 10

Crop Responses of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) to Sulfur Nutrition

Abstract

Introduction

Materials and Methods

Plant Used and Growth Condition

Chemical Analysis

Total Soluble Carbohydrates

Total Protein Extraction

Assay of Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants

Ascorbate (AsA)

Glutathione (GSH)

Total Phenolic and Flavonoid

Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) and Folic Acid

Glucosinolates

Assay of Enzyme Activities

Superoxide Dismutase

Catalase

Ascorbate Peroxidase

Glutathione Reductase

Determination of Amino Acids

Detection and Quantification

Determination of Ion Contents

Statistical Analysis

Results

Growth Parameters

Total Carbohydrates

Total Protein

Antioxidant System

Non Enzymatic Antioxidants

Total Ascorbate (AsA) and Glutathione (GSH)

Total Phenols and Flavonoids

Ascorbic Acid and Folic Acid

Glucosinolates (GLS)

Changes in Activities of Antioxidant Enzymes

Superoxide Dismutase (SOD)

Catalase (CAT)

Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX)

Glutathione Reductase (GR)

Amino Acids Content

Ionic Contents

Discussion

Growth Parameter

Total Carbohydrates and Total Protein

Total Ascorbate and Glutathione

Total Phenols and Flavonoids

Folic and Ascorbic Acid

Glucosinolates Content

Antioxidant Enzymes

Amino Acids Content

Ionic Content

Conclusion

Acknowledgment

References

Chapter 11

Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Improves the Ionic Status of Phaseolus vulgaris L.

Abstract

Introduction

Materials and Methods

Experimental Design

Inoculum Preparation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

Plant and Growth Conditions

Measurements

Statistical Analysis

Results

Growth Parameters

Photosynthetic Pigments

Ionic Contents

Nitrogen Content

Phosphorus Content

Potassium Content

Magnesium Calcium and Sodium Contents

Yield Parameters

Concentration of Nutrients in Seeds of Common Bean Plants

Mycorrhizal Dependency

Discussion

Growth Parameters

Photosynthetic Pigments

Ionic Contents

Yield Parameters

Concentration of Nutrients Content in Seeds

Mycorrhizal Dependency

Conclusion

Acknowledgment

References

About the Editors

Index

The users who browse this book also browse