Crohn's Disease: Etiology, Pathogenesis and Interventions

Author: Jack N. Cadwaller  

Publisher: Nova Science Publishers, Inc.‎

Publication year: 2018

E-ISBN: 9781616681036

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9781604569933

Subject: R57 digestive system disease and coeliac disease

Keyword: 消化系及腹部疾病

Language: ENG

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Crohn's Disease: Etiology, Pathogenesis and Interventions

Chapter

b. Surgery for Fistulas

2. Jejunoileal Disease

a. Strictureplasty

b. New Types of Long Strictureplasties

c. Strictureplasty vs. Resection

d. Surgery for Diffuse Jejunoileal Disease

3. Ileocolonic and Ileal Diseases

a. Bypass vs. Resection

b. Resection

c. Surgery for Anastomotic Recurrence

d. Anastomotic Technique

4. Colorectal Disease

a. Segmental Resection

b. Strictureplasty

c. Total Colectomy and Procotocolectomy

d. Ileal Pouch Operation

Laparoscopic Surgery

Postoperative Recurrence

Factors Affecting Postoperative Recurrence

1. Smoking

2. Disease Duration before Surgery

3. Indications for Surgery

Prevention of Postoperative Recurrence

1. Quitting Smoking

2. Prophylactic Medications

a. Corticosteroids

b. Sulfasalazine

c. Mesalamine

d. Antibiotics

e. Immunosuppressants

f. Infliximab

g. Probiotics

3. Enteral Nutrition

Evidence-Based Recommendation

Practical Strategy for Prevention of Recurrence

Conclusions

References

Chapter 2 Dendritic Cells and Intestinal Epithelial Permeability in Crohn´s Disease

Abstract

Introduction

Dendritic Cells

The Concept of DC Maturation

DC Origin and Subsets in Human and Rodents

The DCs in CD

The Intestinal Epithelial Barrier

Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction in CD

DCs and the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier in CD

Conclusions

References

Chapter 3 Monitoring Crohn´s Disease (CD)

Hospital Standardization of Clinical Procedures

Crohn´S Disease

History of Scales of Clinical Use in CD

Crohn´s Disease Activity Index

Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire

The Beck Depression Inventory

Visual Analogue Scale

Standardization of Monitoring Procedures in CD

Patient Allocation

Clinically Needs

Factor Analyses of Components Included in Combined Scales Used in CD

The Scale Concept

Investigation of Components of Error Sources in Establishing Summary Scores

Error Estimation in the Rating of Disease Status

Technical Noise and Errors in Inclusion Rating of Disease Status

Signal Noise Ratio

Outcome Measures

Future Directions

References

Chapter 4 Surgical Intervention for Small Bowel Crohn’s Disease

Abstract

Introduction

Pre-Operative Assessment of the Extent of Disease

Radiological Investigations

Endoscopic Assessment

Indications for Surgery

Intestinal Obstruction

Intra-Abdominal Abscesses

Fistulas

Free Perforation

Failed Medical Therapy / Intractability

Hemorrhage

Malignancy

Growth Retardation

Surgical Approach

Laparoscopic Versus Open Surgery

Principles of Operative Management of CD

Incision

Intra-Operative Assessment of Disease

Intra-Operative Decision-Making

Surgical Options [Resection, Strictureplasty, Bypass or Stoma]

Anastomotic Technique

Stapled Versus Hand-Sewn Anastomosis

Anastomotic Configuration

Intraoperative Difficulties

Outcomes of Surgery

Factors Influencing Recurrence

Post Operative Advice / Prophylaxis

Conclusion

Acknowlegements

References

Chapter 5 A Rasch Model of the Crohn’s Disease Activity Index (CDAI): Equivalent Levels of Ranked Attribute and Continuous Variable Scales

Abstract

Introduction

Objective

Methods

Crohn’s Disease Activity Index

Rasch Models

Partial Credit Rasch Model of the CDAI

Nature of Variable Scales

Attributes of Variable Data Relationships

Origin-Shifted Logarithmic Relationship

Criteria for Equivalency of Variable Scales

Three-Percentile Regression

Proportional-Error Deming Regression

Results: Relation of Rasch Logits to Other CDAI Variables

Ranked Attribute Variables Treated as If Each Attribute Is Continuous and One Unit Wide

Continuous Scale Variables

Chart of CDAI Variable Equivalencies

Discussion

Traditional vs. CDAI Rasch Models

Appropriateness of Methods Developed Here for Studying Equivalency of Variable Scales

Should Equal Interval Rasch Logits Be Used in Place of CDAI?

Conclusion

Acknowledgement

Ethical Considerations

References

Chapter 6 The Utility of Serological Markers in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Gadget or Magic?

Abstract

Introduction

Serologic Panel for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA)

Anti–Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Antibodies (ASCA)

Newly Discovered Serologic Markers

The Diagnostic Value of the Serologic Markers in IBD

Association with Disease Phenotypes and Progression

Serologic Markers in the Follow-Up and Treatment of IBD

Mutations of the Serologic Markers and Receptors Taking Part in Innate Immunity

Conclusion

References

Chapter 7 Genetics of Crohn’s Disease

Abstract

NOD2 Gene

Gene and function

NOD2 and Crohn’s Disease

Il-23R

ATG16L1

DLG5

IBD5 Region

TLR4

HLA II-IBD3

Mediterranean Fever Gene (MEVF)

Other Loci

Conclusions

References

Chapter 8 Recombinant Human Growth Hormone Treatment in Patients with Growth Deficiency and Crohn’s Disease: New Perspectives

Abstract

I. Growth Disturbances in CD

II. Inflammatory Process and Growth

a) Cytokines and the Somatotropic Axis

b) Cytokines and Growth Plate

III. Chronic Malnutrition and Growth

IV. Glucocorticoids and Growth

V. Anti-Inflammatory Therapy and Growth

VI. rhGH Treatment

VII. rhIGF-I Treatment

VIII. Combined Treatment with rhIGF-I+rhIGFBP3 and rhGH+rhIGFBP3

References

Index

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