Chapter
2.2. Trade-offs in Neural Processes and Personality
2.2.1. Speed-Accuracy Trade-off
2.2.2. Immediate vs Delayed Reward
2.2.3. Goal- vs Stimulus-Directed Attention
2.3. Maintenance of Variation in Behavioral Expression Along Trade-off Axes
3. Developmental Origins of Behavioral Variation
3.1. Design Principles of the Brain and Mechanisms Underlying Neural Trade-offs
3.2. Developmental Channeling: Mechanism for Separating Individuals Along Trade-off Axes
4. Applying the Concept of Developmental Channeling: Dispersal Strategies as an Example
4.1. Evolution of Dispersal Strategies
4.2. Maternally Induced Dispersal Behavior
5. Conclusion and Future Directions
Chapter Two: Olfaction in the Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata): What Is Known and Further Perspectives
2. Usage of Olfaction in the Life of Zebra Finches
2.1.1. The Role of Olfaction in Juveniles
2.1.2. The Role of Olfaction in Adults
2.1.2.1. Kin Recognition of Offspring and Siblings
2.1.2.2. Inbreeding Avoidance
2.1.2.3. Mate Choice and MHC
2.1.3. Interspecific Interactions
2.2.1. Food-Related Odors
2.2.2. Scents for Orientation and Predator Avoidance
3. Mechanisms of the Olfactory Signal
3.1.1. Genetic Components in Scent Production
3.1.2. The Uropygial Gland and Its Secretions
3.1.3. Microbes on the Skin
3.1.4. Summary of the Production of Scents
3.2. Perception and Processing of Scent
3.2.1. The Olfactory Receptors
3.2.2. Olfactory Receptor Genes in Birds
3.2.3. Processing of Olfactory Stimuli in the Avian Brain
3.2.4. The Olfactory Bulb and Olfactory Sensory Pathways
3.2.5. Brain Regions Involved in Behavior Affected by Olfaction
3.2.6. Summary of the Perception of Scents
4. Methods to Examine Olfaction in Zebra Finches
4.2. Impairing the Olfactory Sense
4.3. Analyzing the Chemical Signal
Chapter Three: Developmental Programming via Activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis: A New Role for Acoust ...
1. Introduction and Perspective
2. The Long-Term Effects of Early-Life Experiences on Behavior
3. The HPA Axis and Its Effect on Behavior and Behavioral Development
3.1. The HPA Axis and How to Activate It
3.2. Long-Term Effects of HPA Activation on Behavior Throughout Life
3.3. Development of the HPA Axis and Opportunities for Developmental Programming
4. Acoustic Stimuli and Their Potential Role as a Developmental Programming Tool
4.1. The Importance of Vocal Communication
4.2. The Ontogeny of the Production, Detection, and Ability toRespond toSound
4.2.3. Learning and Discriminating Sounds
4.3. Effects of Prenatal Exposure to Sound
4.3.1. Behavioral Effects
4.3.2. Neurobiological and Physiological Effects
5. Hypothesis: HPA Axis as a Medium for Acoustic Developmental Programming
5.1. Mechanisms for Acoustic Developmental Programming
5.2. Adaptive Value of ADP
Chapter Four: Linking Sociality to Fitness in Primates: A Call for Mechanisms
2. The Social Phenomena Under Study: Social Bonds, Social Integration, and Social Connectedness
2.1. Direct Connectedness
2.1.2. Social Integration
2.2. Indirect Connectedness
3. Evidence for the Sociality-Fitness Link
3.1. Evidence for Sociality Effects on Different Components of Fitness
3.2. Evidence of Fitness Effects From Different Aspects of Sociality
4. Mechanisms Potentially Underlying the Sociality-Fitness Link
4.1. Rank Acquisition via Agonistic Support
4.2. Protection From Harassment via Agonistic Support
4.3. Direct Resource Access: Tolerance and Joint Defense
4.4. Reduction of Predation Risk
5. Affiliative Relationships in Assamese Macaques
5.1. Female-Female Relationships
5.2. Male-Male Relationships
5.3. Opposite-Sex Relationships
6. Conclusion and Future Directions
1.1. Ethological Approaches to Tool Use
1.2. Limitations of the Status Quo
1.3. Toward a Theory of Tooling
2. Concepts Essential for a Theory of Tooling
2.1. Affordances: Opportunities for Action
2.3.1. Constraints on Movement
2.4. Building a Theory of Tooling
3.1. Definition of Tooling
3.3. What Does Not Constitute Tooling?
3.4.1. Hypothesis 1: An Animal's Perceptual Systems Guide Its Discovery of Tooling Affordances
3.4.2. Hypothesis 2: The Relational Features of Tooling Affect the Challenge of a Particular Tooling Opportunity
3.4.3. Hypothesis 3: The Spatial Demands of Moving Grasped Objects Are Similar Across Tooling and Nontooling Tasks
3.4.4. Hypothesis 4: Variation in Perceptuomotor Systems That Impact Movement of a Grasped Object Predict Variation in To ...
4. Application to One System of Tooling: Bearded Capuchin Monkeys Cracking Nuts
4.1. Affordances for Cracking Nuts
4.2. Spatial Relations in Nut-Cracking
4.3. Organismal Constraints
4.4. Environmental Constraints
4.6. Where to Start in Other Cases
Chapter Six: The Functions of Female Calls in Birds
2.1. Female Calls Directed to Males
2.1.1. Mate Sampling Aid Hypothesis
2.1.2. Copulation Solicitation Hypothesis
2.1.3. Fertility Advertisement Hypothesis
2.1.4. Reduce Male Harassment Hypothesis
2.1.5. Breeder Need Hypothesis
2.1.6. Offspring Need Hypothesis
2.1.7. Male Vigilance Recruiting Hypothesis
2.1.8. Breeding Synchronization Hypothesis
2.1.9. Sex Recognition Hypothesis
2.1.10. Pair-Bonding Hypothesis
2.1.11. Mate Guarding Hypothesis
2.2. Female Calls Directed to (Other) Females
2.2.1. Self-Stimulation Hypothesis
2.2.2. Nesting Coordination Hypothesis
2.2.3. Female-Female Competition Hypotheses
2.3. Female Calls Directed to Their Offspring
2.3.1. Species/Mother Attraction Hypothesis
2.3.2. Parasite Detection Hypothesis
2.3.3. Food Location Hypothesis
2.3.4. Other Functions for Offspring-Directed Female Calls
2.4.1. Care Potentiation Hypothesis
2.4.2. Predator Distraction Hypothesis
2.4.3. Nest Defense Hypothesis
3. Conclusion and Future Directions
Advances in the Study of Behavior
( Volume 50 )
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