Dedication first edition

Dedication second edition

Contents

Preface

Standing on the shoulders of giants: Reflections on Newtonian éminences grises in medical history

Ancient Egyptian medicine

Ancient Greek medicine

Hippocrates of Kos

Aristotle

Other Greek scholars

Galen of Pergamos

The Greek Oribasius

Golden Ages of Islamic Era: 9th to 12th centuries

Final preface denouement: Medical Renaissance (15th to 17th centuries) to the present

References

Introduction

Chapter 1

Pre-aesculapian messages from ancient archives of Mesopotamia: The Epic of Gilgamesh and the library of Ashurbanipal

Introduction

Cuneiform writing and Gilgamesh

Abraham: Father of many nations

Ancient Mesopotamian medicine

Conclusion

References

Chapter 2

From Lilith to Shiphrah and Puah — and beyond: What have we learned about caring for the newborn in the past 300 millennia?

Introduction

Infanticide

Caring for the newborn

Swaddling

Breastfeeding

Nineteenth century and the birth of perinatology

Caring for the newborn enters the 20th century

Neonatal resuscitation: The first newborns breaths

Conclusion

References

Chapter 3

From childhood to adolescence: Reflections of civilization’s laureates

Introduction

Pre-Greek observations on adolescence in Homo Sapiens

Ancient Greek observations

Observations of Galen

The dark ages (5th to 12 centuries)

Observations of the English literature

Observations of the Americans

Conclusion

References

Section one: Perspectives in general medicine

Chapter 4

The legacy of smallpox and polio vaccines: A Pandora’s Box or Gordian Knot in the 21st century?

Introduction

The legacy of the smallpox vaccine

Smallpox vaccination

Anti-vaccine concerns

Legacy of poliomyelitis vaccines

Cutter incident

Oral polio vaccine and VAAP

Conclusion

References

Chapter 5

Behavioral pediatrics: Historical dilemmas and challenges with faith in the future

Introduction

Behavioral pediatrics exordium

Intrinsic imprint of the 20th century

Emergence and emanation of behavior pediatrics from pediatrics

Behavioral pediatric dilemmas

Role of the primary care clinicians

DSM-5

Conclusion

References

Chapter 6

Substance use and abuse down through the ages of human history

Introduction

Medical herbs

Ale and beer

Cannabis, cocaine and tobacco

Heroin and morphine

Restriction

Drug addiction

Conclusion

References

Chapter 7

Tragedy of sibling abuse: Convergence of fiction, research, and the reality of human nature

Introduction

Frequency of sibling abuse

Etiologic factors behind sibling abuse

Conclusion

References

Chapter 8

Perspectives on incest: A perplexing paradox characterized by destructive betrayal of trust

Introduction

Definition

Overview

Types of incest

(Step)father-daughter incest

Brother-sister incest

Mother-son incest

Other research rubrics of incest

Psychological sequelae of child sexual abuse

Concepts of management

Conclusion

References

Chapter 9

Post-traumatic stress disorder and motor vehicle crashes in children and adolescents: A historically delayed realization

Introduction

Complexities of motor vehicle crashes (MVCs)

MVA-related PTSD in children and youth

Early comments from North America

PTSD and MVAs: Research finally occurs in children in the 20th century

Lessons from the 21st Century so far

PTSD evaluation

DSM-5 and PTSD

ASD and PTSD links

Neuroendocrine links with PTSD

PTSD management

PTSD outcomes

Conclusion

References

Section two: Perspectives in psychiatry and pharmacology

Chapter 10

Pediatric schizophrenia: Perspectives of history

Introduction

Schizophrenia

DSM and schizophrenia

Epidemiology

Etiologic considerations

Conclusion

References

Chapter 11

Pediatric psychopharmacology: Perspectives of history

Introduction

19th Century

20th Century

20th Century IQ testing: Binet to Wechsler

Behavior therapy

Other pioneers

Leo Kanner (1894-1981)

Leon Eisenberg (1922-2009)

Michael Rutter (born in 1933)

Modern psychopharmacology: 20th Century

Modern psychopharmacology: 21st Century

DSM 5

European psychiatric nosology

International classification of diseases (ICD)

Development of DSM-5 in the United States

DSM-5

DSM-5 neurodevelopmental disorders

DSM-5 ASD

DSM-5 ADHD

DSM-5: Tic disorders

DSM-5: Substance use disorders

DSM-5: Feeding and eating disorders

DSM-5: Conduct disorder

DSM-5: Major depression disorder (MDD)

DSM-5: Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

DSM-5: Schizophrenia

Conclusion

References

Chapter 12

The scientific seeds of pharmacology

Introduction

Greek civilization

Roman civilization

Renaissance (14th to 17th century)

18th and 19th centuries

20th century

Conclusion

References

Chapter 13

Pediatric psychopharmacology: The past leads to the future

Introduction

Pediatric psychopharmacology: Quo vadis?

Benefit of psychopharmacology in pediatric mental illness

Hope versus hype of pharmaceutical companies’ for-profit research

Intervention of governments in research

Impact of genetics on psychopharmacology

Results of sleep research on pediatric mental health

Training of primary care clinicians in mental health

Conclusion

References

Section three: Perspectives in specific organ systems

Chapter 14

The story of diabetes mellitus

Introduction

Ancient physicians of India

Ancient Greek physicians (see Table 1)

The first and second centuries AD (see Table 2)

Aretaeus of Cappadocia (81-138 AD)

Chang Chung Ching (150-219 AD)

Byzantine writers (4th to 9th century AD) (see Table 3)

Stephanus Alexandriensis (550 AD-622 AD)

Alexander Traillianus (525-605 AD)

Aetius Amidenus

Paulus Aegineta (625-690 AD)

Li-Hsuan and Chen Chuan

Theophilus Protospatharius

Golden ages of Islamic Era: 9th to 12th centuries (see Table 4)

Rhazes

Avicenna

Ibn al-Nafis (1213-1288)

Moses Maimonides (1138-1204)

Renaissance era and the pancreas (1300/1400-1600 AD) (see Table 5)

Parcelsus (1494-1541)

Gerolamo Cardano (1501-1576)

Progress in the 17th and 18th centuries

Thomas Sydenham (1624-1689)

Thomas Willis (1621-1675)

Johann Conrada Brunner (1653-1727)

Matthew Dobson (1732-1784)

Matthew Baillie (1761-1823)

John Rollo (died 1809)

Progress in the 19th century

John Elliotson (1791-1868)

Claude Bernard (1813-1878)

William Prout (1785-1850)

Richard Bright (1789-1858)

Apollinaire Bouchardat (1806-1886)

Étienne Lancereaux (1829-1910)

Friedrich Theodor von Frerichs (1819-1885)

Adolf Kussmaul (1822-1902)

Henry Noyes (1832-1900)

Bernard Naunyn (1840-1914)

Paul Langerhans (1847-1888)

Edouard Laguesse (1861-1927)

Close of the 19th century: Psychological factors

Oscar Minkowski (1858-1931) and Joseph Freiherr von Mering (1849-1908)

Refulgent diabetes research in the 20th century

Early 20th century progress: 1900-1905

Early 20th century progress: 1906-1910

Early 20th century progress: 1911-1920

Emotional Glycosuria

Frederick Madison Allen (1879-1964)

Elliott Proctor Joslin (1869-1962)

Israel Kleiner (1885-1966)

Nicolae Constantine Paulescu (1869-1931)

Sir Frederick Grant Banting (1891-1941)

Post-Banting/Best era

Conclusion

References

Chapter 15

Historical perspectives in pediatric pulmonology

Introduction

Medicine of Mesopotamia

Medicine of ancient Egypt

Ancient Israel

Ancient Greek medicine

Hippocrates

Plato

Aristotle

Praxagoras

Herophilus and Erasistratus

The medicine of Galen

Post-Galen era

Medicine of Avicenna

Pulmonary circulation of Ibn al-Nafis

Moses Maimonides (1138-1204)

Pulmonology in the Renaissance era

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)

Parcelsus (1494-1541)

Michael Servetus (1511-1553)

Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564)

Robert Hooke (1635-1703) and Robert Boyle (1627-1691)

Antony van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)

Marcello Malpighi (1628-1694)

Evangelista Torricelli

William Harvey (1578-1657)

Michael Sendivogius (1566-1636)

Jan Baptist van Helmont (1580-1644)

Giovanni Alfonso Borelli (1608-1679)

Richard Lower (1631-1691)

John Floyer (1649-1734)

John Mayow (1643-1679)

Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries

Joseph Black (1728-1799)

Joseph Priestley (1733-1804)

Humphry Davy (1778-1829)

Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1742-1786)

Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier

John Mudge (1721-1793)

René Theophile Hyacinthe Laënnec (1781-1826)

Franz D Reisseisen

Julius Robert von Mayer (1814-1878)

Henry Hyde Salter (1823-1871)

Claude Bernard (1813-1878)

Eduard Friedrich Wilhelm Pflüger (1829-1910)

Josef Breuer (1842-1925)

Wilhelm Konrad Röntgen (1845-1923)

Pulmonology progress in the 20th century

Sir William Osler

Sir Alexander Fleming (1881-1955)

Gerhard Johannes Paul Domagk (1895-1964)

Willem Einthoven

James J Waring (1883-1962)

John Scott Haldane (1860-1936)

Tuberculosis and progress in the 20th century

Robert Koch

Pediatric pulmonology progress

Jörgen Erik Lehmann

Resonance of pulmonary sounds in the 20th century

Passive diffusion settled

Last half of the 20th century

Lung transplantation

Cystic fibrosis

Edwin Lawrence Kendig, Jr MD, DSc (hon)

Neonatal resuscitation: The first newborns breaths: Ancient times to the present

Conclusion

References

Chapter 16

History of developments in understanding the complexities of the pediatric gastrointestinal tract

Introduction

Medicine of Mesopotamia

Medicine of ancient Egypt

Ancient Israel

Ancient Greek medicine

The medicine of Galen

Medicine of Avicenna

Renaissance era (1300/1400-1600 AD)

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1564)

Parcelsus (1494-1541)

Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564)

William Harvey (1578-1657)

GI progress in the 18th and 19th centuries

GI progress in the 20th Century

GERD and PUD

Lactose intolerance

Liver disease

GI progress in the 20th Century

Emergence of pediatric gastroenterology

References

Chapter 17

Understanding the pediatric heart

Introduction

Ancient Egyptian medicine

Ancient Greek physicians

First century AD

Golden Ages of Islamic era: 9th to 12th centuries

Medical Renaissance (15th to 17th centuries): Exordium of modern cardiology

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1564)

Michael Servetus (1511-1553)

Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564)

Realdo Colombo (1511-1559)

Hieronymus Fabricius (1537-1619))

Andrea Cesalpino (1519-1603)

William Harvey (1578-1657)

Robert Hooke (1635-1703)

Antony van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)

Marcello Malphighi (1628-94)

Cardinal concepts in cardiology: The 18th century

Jean-Antoine Nollet (1700-1770)

Luigi Galvani (1737-1798)

Cardinal concepts in Cardiology: The 19th Century

Willem Einthoven (1860-1927)

Wilhelm Konrad Röntgen (1845-1923)

Scipione Riva-Rocci (1863-1937)

Sir Thomas Lauder Brunton (1844-1916)

Cardinal concepts in Cardiology: The 20th Century

Sir Thomas Lewis (1881-1945)

Frank Norman Wilson (1890-1952)

The 20th century and the rise of cardiac catheterization

Emergence and emanation of pediatric cardiology from adult cardiology in the 20th century

Helen Taussig Brooke (1898-1986)

References

Chapter 18

The pediatric kidney: A historic view

Introduction

Renaissance: Exordium of modern nephrology

Cardinal concepts in nephrology: The 19th century cognoscenti

Sir Robert Christison (1797-1882)

Pierre Rayer (1793-1867)

Claude Bernard (1813-1878)

Francis Delafield (1841-1915)

Thomas Addis (1881-1949)

Alfred Newton Richards (1876-1966)

Donald Dexter Van Slyke (1883-1971)

John P Peters (1887-1955)

Homer W Smith (1895-1962)

John P Merrill (1917-1984)

Emergence and emanation of pediatric nephrology from adult nephrology

Renal biopsy

Dialysis

Transplantation

Penultimate introduction section: Future directions

References

Chapter 19

The skin: Historical perspectives

Introduction

Skin disease

Roman empire

Persian/Arabic contributions: 9th to 12st centuries

Pre-and Post-Renaissance era

18th and 19th centuries

Twentieth century

Conclusion

References

Section four: Acknowledgments

Chapter 20

About the authors

Chapter 21

About the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine (WMED), Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States

Research activities

Chapter 22

About the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development in Israel

Mission

Service and academic activities

Research activities

National collaborations

International collaborations

Targets

Chapter 23

About the book series “Public health: Practices, methods and policies”

Section five

Index

Blank Page