Environmental Health Risks: Lead Poisoning and Arsenic Exposure ( Environmental Health - Physical, Chemical and Biological Factors )

Publication series ： Environmental Health - Physical, Chemical and Biological Factors

Author： Jack D. Gosselin;Ike M. Fancher

Publisher： Nova Science Publishers, Inc.‎

Publication year： 2018

E-ISBN: 9781617284090

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9781607417811

Subject： R595 poisoning and chemical damage

Keyword：毒物学（毒理学）

Language： ENG

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Environmental Health Risks: Lead Poisoning and Arsenic Exposure

Description

Lead poisoning and arsenic exposure have become serious health risks in the past few decades. Lead poisoning or plubism is a well-known toxicological condition, in which its exposure can cause either acute or chronic poisoning. It can also cause several disturbances on normal physiology of humans. The problem of lead poisoning can be seen all over the world, as can arsenic exposure. Arsenic is one of the most toxic and ubiquitously occurring minerals. It is found frequently in rivers and wells in some regions of Argentina and Chile. Arsenic's toxicity may be acute or chronic and is acquired involuntarily through ingestion of water or food, inhalation and to a lesser degree by percutaneous absorption. Exposure to arsenic in drinking water is related with many health effects that have different in incidences depending on the geographical area. The most evident effects are often related with cancer development, but arsenic can cause alterations on other organs as well. This book examines the potential adverse effects of lead poisoning and arsenic exposure on human health.

Chapter

ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RISKS:LEAD POISONING AND ARSENICEXPOSURE

CONTENTS

PREFACE

LEAD POISONING IN THE TROPICALDEVELOPING COUNTRIES

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION TO GLOBAL PROBLEM ON LEAD POISONING

LEAD POISONING IN THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

TROPICAL LEAD POISONING

1. Inherited Factor

2. Non-Inhertied Factor

3. Poverty

4. Poor Hygiene

5. Environmental Temperature and Humidity

6. Pollution

REPORTS ON LEAD POISONING FROM TROPICAL COUNTRIES

SOME ROOTED TROPICAL CULTURES AND LEAD POISONING

A. Classical Pharmaceutical Remedies

B. Religious Bound Practice

REFERENCES

PLUMBISM AND ANEMIA

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION TO LEAD AND HISTORY OF TOXICITY

TOXICITY OF LEAD

A. Neurotoxicity

B. Nephrotoxicity

C. Hepatotoxicity

D. Cardiovascular Toxicity

E. Genotoxicity

F. Spermatotoxicity

Hematotoxicity

PLUMBISM

LEAD-INDUCED ANEMIA

REFERENCES

ARSENIC EXPOSURE THROUGH THE FOOD CHAIN

SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

Occurrence of Inorganic Arsenic Compounds

Occurrence f Organic Arsenic Compounds

ARSENIC METABOLISM

Absorption

Distribution

Metabolism

Excretion

ADVERSE EFFECTS OF ARSENIC: ACUTE AND CHRONIC TOXICITY OFINORGANIC AND ORGANIC ARSENIC COMPOUNDS

Acute Toxicity

Chronic Toxicity

Toxicity of Inorganic Arsenic Compounds

Toxicity of Organic Arsenic Compounds

ARSENIC IN THE FOOD CHAIN

Arsenic Content in Water

Arsenic Content in Cereals and Vegetables

Arsenic Content in Animal Products

Arsenic Content in Seafood

Arsenic Intake by Food

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

BIOAVAILABILITY AND RISK ASSESSMENTOF ARSENIC IN HOMEGROWN VEGETABLES

ABSTRACT

1. INTRODUCTION

2. ARSENIC IN SOIL

3. BIOAVAILABILITY OF ARSENIC

4. ARSENIC CONTENT OF PLANTS

5. RISK ASSESSMENT OF ARSENIC

6. CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

NEUROLOGICAL IMPACTS OF EXPOSURE TO HIGHAND LOW ENVIRONMENTAL CONCENTRATIONSOF ARSENIC IN DRINKING WATER AND SOILS

ABSTRACT

1. INTRODUCTION

2. FACTORS AFFECTING EXPOSURE TO ARSENIC ANDHEALTH OUTCOMES

3. ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OFARSENIC IN GROUND WATER, AND NEUROLOGICALHEALTH EFFECTS

4. ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OFARSENIC IN SOILS, AND NEUROLOGICAL HEALTH EFFECTS

5. LOW LEVEL ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO ARSENIC, ANDNEUROLOGICAL HEALTH EFFECTS

6. CONCLUSION

7. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

8. LITERATURE CITED

BIOACCUMULATION PATTERNS AND BIOLOGICALEFFECTS OF ARSENIC IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS

ABSTRACT

INTRACELLULAR METABOLISM OF ARSENIC AND MECHANISMSOF TOXICITY

Arsenic Biotransformation Processes

BIOACCUMULATION OF ARSENIC IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS

ARSENIC CHEMICAL SPECIATION IN MARINE ORGANISMS

Oxidative Stress Induced by Arsenic in Aquatic Organisms

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES TO MEASURE ARSENICAND ARSENIC SPECIES IN ENVIRONMENTALAND BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES

ABSTRACT

1. INTRODUCTION

2. SPECIATION OF ARSENIC IN THE ENVIRONMENT

3. PRESERVATION OF SAMPLES AND ARSENIC EXTRACTION

3.1. Preservation of Samples for Arsenic Analysis

3.2 Arsenic Extraction

4. ARSENIC SEPARATION

4.1. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

4.2. Multidimensional Chromatography

4.3. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)

4.4. Capillary Electrophoresis (CE)

5. DETECTION METHODS

5.1. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS); Flame andElectrothermal/ Graphite Furnace

5.2. Inductively-Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)and ICP-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)

5.3. X-Ray Spectroscopy

5.4. Gas Chromatography; Atomic Emission (GC-AE)

5.5. Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) and Hydride Generation CombinedWith Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy (HG-AFS)

6. SUMMARY

REFERENCES

AN EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE: INCREASEDHEALTH RISKS DUE TO ARSENIC IN DRINKINGWATER – THE CASE OF İZMIR, TURKEY

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Study Area

Sampling and Arsenic Analysis

Exposure and Risk Assessment

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Meteorology

Arsenic Concentrations

Exposure and Risk Assessment

Sensitivity Analysis

Uncertainty Analysis

CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

REFERENCES

ARSENIC TOXICITY TO PREIMPLANTATIONSTAGE EMBRYO

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION TO ARSENIC TOXICITY

REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY OF ARSENIC

ARSENIC TOXICITY TO PREIMPLANTATION EMBRYOS

REFERENCES

EFFECTS OF ARSENIC EXPOSURE ON THE IMMUNESYSTEM AND MECHANISM OF ACTION

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

Arsenic Exposure in Drinking Water

Genotoxic Effects

Immunotoxicity of Arsenic

Population Studies

Molecular Studies

Other Systemic Effects of Arsenic Exposure

REFERENCES

CUTANEOUS ARSENICISM IN LATIN AMERICA:A PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM

ARSENIC AND SOURCES OF ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE

ENDEMIC CHRONIC REGIONAL HYDROARSENICISM

EXPOSURE TO CONTAMINATED WATER BY ARSENIC DUE TO MININGACTIVITY

EXPOSURE TO ARSENIC IN AIR SUSPENSION COMING FROM MININGACTIVITY: MINE TAILINGS

REFERENCES

ORIGIN OF AS IN THE PHREATIC AQUIFER OF BAHÍABLANCA DISTRICT: A CONCEPTUAL MODEL FORMANAGEMENT OF ARSENOTOXICITY RISK AT THESW PAMPEAN REGION OF ARGENTINA

ABSTRACT

SHORT COMMUNICATION

REFERENCES

INDEX

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