Chapter
2.5. IRRIGATION EXTERNALITIES AND CONTROL MECHANISMS
2.6. ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL ADVANTAGES OF WASTEWATER RE-USE
2.7. MODELS AND METHODS USED IN EVALUATION OF POLICIES, PRICING AND FORECASTS
2.8. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
A COMPARATIVE REGIONAL STUDY OF WATER RESOURCES
3.2. INDICATORS OF WATER RESOURCES
A. Different Sectors Share of GDP
B. Land, Irrigation, Forest, Livestock Production and Fertilizer Consumption
D. Electricity Production
E. Tourism and Private Investment in Water
F. Improved Sanitation Facilities and Water Resources
G. Emissions and Organic Water Pollutants
H. Industrial Sub-Sector Water Pollution
3.3. SUMMARY OF THE COMPARATIVE REGIONAL STUDY
KURDISTAN REGION WATER RESOURCES IN AN HISTORICAL AND REGIONAL PERSPECTIVE
4.2. GROUNDWATER IN THE KURDISTAN REGION
A. History and Landscape of Iraq
B. Groundwater in Kurdistan
C. Benefits and Limitations of Groundwater
D. The Effect of Pollution on Groundwater
D.1. Decades of Wars, Destruction and Neglect
D.2. Agriculture Waste and Pollution
D.3. Household Waste in Both Urban and Rural Areas
D.4. Industrial Waste Material
4.3. SURFACE WATER IN KURDISTAN
B. Major Tigris Tributaries in Kurdistan
B.1. Greater Zab Tributary in Hawler
B.2. Lesser Zab Tributary
C.1. Springs in Hawler Governorate
C.2. Springs in Sulaimanyah Governorate
C.3. Springs in Duhok Governorate
D. Measuring the Flow of Water in Rivers and Springs
E. Maximum and Minimum Discharge of Rivers and Springs in Kurdistan
F. Average Rate of Rain and Snowfall in the Kurdistan Region Governorates
A. Historical Background of Dams in Iraq
B. Dams and Reservoirs in Kurdistan Region
C. The Socioeconomic Impacts of Dams
D. Major Dams in the Kurdistan Region
E. Dams under Construction
F. Future Dams in Kurdistan Region
4.5. WASTE WATER TREATMENT
CURRENT STATE OF WATER RESOURCES IN KURDISTAN REGION∗
5.2. SOURCES OF WATER RESOURCES IN THE KURDISTAN REGION
5.3. QUANTITIES AND QUALITIES OF WATER RESOURCES
A. Quantity of Water in the Rivers and Springs
B. Rain- and Snowfall in the Kurdistan Region
C. The Groundwater Sources and Quantities Available
5.4. CURRENT ALLOCATION OF WATER BY SUB-SECTORS
D. The Major Factors Causing Water Shortages
E. Water Management in the Region
5.5. OPTIMALITY IN ALLOCATION OF WATER BY USERS
A. Agriculture in a Governorate Perspective
5.6. SUMMARY OF SOURCES AND QUANTITIES OF WATER
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MAIN USERS OF WATER RESOURCES
6.2. DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
A. An Introduction to Agriculture and Irrigation
B. Agricultural Types of Crops and Their Demand for Water
C. Water Saving Techniques and Water Consumption
F. Regulations and Policies for Water Savings and Consumption
6.3. DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL SECTOR
A. Industrial Sector and Water Demand
B. Major Industries in the Kurdistan Region
C. The Industrial Sector Data
D. The Safety and Stability of Drinking Water
6.4. DEVELOPMENT OF RECREATIONAL, TOURISM AND OTHER SERVICES
A. Introduction to Tourism
B. Economic Impacts of Tourism
C. Impact of Tourism on Water Consumption and Environment
D. The Tourism Industry and Increased Water Demand and UrbanDevelopment
6.5. DEVELOPMENT OF POPULATION AND ITS CONCENTRATION
A. Introduction to Population and Water Demand in Kurdistan Region
C. Water Conditions in Sulaimanyah City
D. Water Conditions in Hawler City
6.6. GENDER AND WATER RESOURCES
A. Female Responsibilities
B. Females in Rural Areas
C. Females in Urban Areas
D. Female, Pollutions and Health
6.7. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
A NEW WATER RESOURCES PLAN AND POLICIES FOR THE KURDISTAN REGION
7.1. INTRODUCTION TO WATER PLAN AND POLICIES
7.2. PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE AND INVESTMENTS IN WATER RESOURCES
7.3. WATER RESOURCE LAWS AND REGULATIONS
B. Goals and Strategies of Water Resources
7.4. WATER RESOURCE STATISTICS AND QUALITY MONITORING
A. Databases and Monitoring the Quality of Water
B. The Efficient Way for Using Water
D. Identifying Demand and Supply Problems
E. Water Conservation Methods
F. Suggestions for Regulating Water Use
7.5. PERIODICAL AND SERIAL PUBLICATIONS ON WATER RESOURCES
A. Periodical Publications
B. Statistics, Research and Their Dissemination
C. Research Funds and External Collaboration
7.6. ANNUAL FORECASTS FOR SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF WATER
A. Economics of Water Resources Market
B. Demand and Supply for Water Resources
C. The Role of Price in the Market
D. Cost-Benefit Analysis and Government Interventions
E. Determinants of Public Policy
F. Forecasts of Supply of and Demand for Water
A Comparison of the Two Approaches
7.7. REALITIES OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE REGION35
A. Job Market and Training
B. Economic Plan and Policies
E. Firm and Household Taxation and Financial Markets
7.8. SELF-SUFFICIENCY AND VULNERABILITY IN USE OF WATER
A. A General Perspective on Self-Sufficiency
B. Self-Sufficiency in the Use of Water Resources
7.9. A PROPOSED NEW WATER RESOURCES PLAN AND POLICIES
A. Data, Research and Publications
Data Collection and Processing
Seminars, Workshops and Conferences
Statistics, Research and Their Dissemination
B. Laws and Common Pool Relations
Water and Environmental Laws
Monitoring Upstream and Downstream Water Activities
C. Project Evaluation and Collaboration
Priority Projects Based on Social and Economic Preferences
Industrial Development of the Region
Industrial Strategy of Self-Sufficiency
Industrial Policy Orientation
National Development Policy
D. Water Policies and Incentives
Experience in Water Management
Introduction of Recycle Deposits and Incentives
Media and Public Educational Programs
Seasonal Neighborhood Cleaning Programs
E. The Role of Water in Sustainable Development
Coordination of Water, Agriculture and Industry Activities
Equality in Distribution of Investment Resources
Separation of Politics-Public-Private Relationships
F. Capability and Skill Upgrading
Education, Wages and Productivity of Labor
Labor Market Policy Measures and Incentives
Skill Upgrading and Training of Civil Servants
7.10. RESOURCES NEEDED AND COSTS OF IMPLEMENTING THE POLICIES
7.11. SUMMARY OF WATER RESOURCES PLAN AND POLICIES
Public Infrastructure for Development
Existing Water Laws, Regulations and Monitoring Quality
Data, Research and Conference Activities
Public Water Project Procedures
Forecasts of Supply and Demand for Water Resources
Self-Sufficiency and Vulnerability
New Challenges in Management of Water Resources
New Water Plan and Policies
Legal Water Resources Team
Governance and Water Resources
Region-Specific Water Policies and Incentives
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS OF THE INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN THE KURDISTAN REGION
8.1. THE BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
8.2. PREVIOUS RESEARCH ON WATER RESOURCES
8.3. THE MENA REGION’S WATER CONDITIONS
8.4. THE REGION’S WATER CONDITIONS IN A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
8.5. CURRENT STATE OF WATER RESOURCES IN THE REGION
8.6. MAIN CONSUMERS OF WATER RESOURCES IN THE REGION
8.7. WATER PLAN AND POLICIES AND RECOMMENDATIONS
AN INTRODUCTION TO THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES
9.2. THE MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES
9.3. THE OBJECTIVES TO BE CARRIED OUT
9.4. THE MINISTER’S FUNCTIONS AND POWERS
9.5. SOME STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES OF MOWR
9.6. PROBLEMS FACING MOWR AND THEIR POSSIBLE REMEDIES
Integrated Water Resource Management in the Kurdistan Region
( Water Resource Planning, Development and Management )
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