Chapter
1.1.4 Sensors and information
1.3.1 Interfacing, conditioning, processing
1.3.2 Platform for illustration
1.3.3 Embedded control architecture
1.3.4 Developing applications
Introductory Books on Sensors and Mechatronics
Books on Semiconductor Sensors
Books on Processing and Arduino
2.1.1 Classification of quantities
2.1.2 Relations between quantities
2.2 Sensor classifications
2.2.1 Classification based on measurand and application field
2.2.2 Classification based on port models
2.2.3 Classification based on conversion principles
2.2.4 Classification according to energy domain
Some books and articles on quantities and systems
3.1.2 Nonlinearity and hysteresis
3.1.5 Offset and zero drift
3.1.8 Frequency response and bandwidth
3.1.9 Operating conditions
3.2 Sensor error reduction techniques
3.2.3.1 Filtering prior to transduction
3.2.3.2 Filtering after transduction
3.2.4.1 Multiplier as modulator
3.2.4.3 Measurement bridge as modulator
4.1 Resistivity and resistance
4.2 Potentiometric sensors
4.2.1 Construction and general properties
4.2.2 Electrical characteristics
4.2.4 Contact-free potentiometers
4.2.5 Applications of potentiometers
4.3.1 Construction and properties
4.3.2 Interfacing of strain gauges
4.3.3 Applications of strain gauges
4.4 Piezoresistive sensors
4.4.2 Silicon piezoresistive sensors
4.4.3 Piezoresistive elastomers
4.4.4 Applications of piezoresistive sensors
4.4.5 Interfacing piezoresistive sensors
4.5 Magnetoresistive sensors
4.5.2 Applications of magnetoresistive sensors
4.6 Thermoresistive sensors
4.6.2 Resistance thermometer
4.7 Optoresistive sensors
Books and reviews on magnetoresistive sensors and applications
Books and review articles on tactile sensors
5.1 Capacitance and permittivity
5.2 Basic configurations of capacitive sensors
5.2.1 Flat-plate capacitive sensors
5.2.2 Multiplate capacitive sensors
5.2.3 Silicon capacitive sensors
5.2.3.1 Silicon pressure sensors
5.2.3.2 Silicon accelerometers
5.3.1 Interfacing with analog circuits
5.3.2 Interfacing to embedded systems
5.4.1 Capacitive sensors for position- and force-related quantities
5.4.2 Sensing applications using internal capacitances
5.4.3 Sensing applications using external capacitances
6 Inductive and magnetic sensors
6.1 Magnetic and electromagnetic quantities
6.1.1 Magnetic field strength, magnetic induction and flux
6.1.4 Magnetic resistance (reluctance) and self-inductance
6.2 Magnetic field sensors
6.3 Magnetic- and induction-based displacement and force sensors
6.3.1 Magnetic proximity switches
6.3.2 Inductive proximity and displacement sensors
6.3.3 Eddy current displacement sensors
6.3.4 Variable differential transformers
6.3.5 Resolvers and synchros
6.3.6 Magnetostrictive or elastomagnetic sensors
6.4.1 Interfacing inductive sensors
6.4.2 Interfacing to embedded systems
6.5.1 Contact-free sensing using magnetic and inductive sensors
6.5.2 Applications of variable reluctance and eddy current sensors
6.5.2.1 Angular displacement
6.5.2.2 Linear displacement and velocity
6.5.2.3 Nondestructive testing and material characterization
6.5.3 Applications of other inductive sensors
7.1 Electro-optical components
7.1.3 Position sensitive diode
7.2 Optical displacement sensors
7.2.1 Intensity measurement
7.3.1 Light-emitting diodes and photodiodes
7.3.2 Interfacing position sensitive diodes
7.3.3 Interfacing optical sensors to embedded systems
7.4.1 Linear displacement sensing
7.4.1.2 Surface properties: roughness, flatness, thickness
7.4.1.3 Linear velocity and acceleration
7.4.2 Angular displacement sensing
7.4.3 Force, torque, and strain sensing
8.1.1 Piezoelectric materials
8.1.2 Piezoelectric parameters
8.2 Force, pressure, and acceleration sensors
8.2.2 Characteristics of accelerometers
8.4.1 Stress and pressure
Some Books and Articles on Piezoelectric Materials, Sensors, and Applications
9.1 Properties of the acoustic medium
9.1.1 Sound intensity and pressure
9.1.2 Sound propagation speed
9.2.2 Electrostatic transducers
9.2.3 Piezoelectric transducers
9.3.2 Continuous sine wave (CW)
9.3.3 Frequency-modulated continuous waves (FMCW)
9.4.1.2 Navigation for mobile robots
9.4.1.3 Navigation tool for visually impaired persons
9.4.1.4 Localization of tools
9.4.2.3 NDT and material properties
9.4.2.4 Production and process control
9.4.3 Interfacing acoustic sensors to embedded systems
Appendix A: Symbols and notations
A.1 The electrical domain
A.3 The mechanical domain
A.4.2 Radiant energy from a unit surface with Lambertian emission
A.4.3 Derivation of relations between intensity and distance
Appendix B: Relations between quantities
B.1 Generalized equations
B.2 Application to four domains
Appendix C: Basic interface circuits
C.1 Operational amplifier
C.2 Current-to-voltage converter
C.3 Noninverting amplifier
C.5 Comparator and schmitttrigger
C.6 Integrator and differentiator
Appendix D: Practical guideline and code examples
D.2 The analog to digital converter on Arduino
D.2.1 Arduino code example
D.2.2 Processing code example
D.3.1 Direct capacitive reading
D.3.2 Capacitive sensing using an external library
D.4.1 Arduino oscilloscope sketch
D.4.2 Processing oscilloscope sketch
D.5.1 Sample timer approach
D.5.3 External interrupt, full quadrature
D.5.4 Linear gray encoder
Sensors for Mechatronics
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