Chapter
1.6.3. Genetic algorithms
1.6.4. Simulating annealing
Initial simplex generation
Determination of initial temperature
Temperature decrease—Cooling scheme
Equilibrium condition—Point (6) of the general algorithm
Stopping (convergence) criterion
Control parameters settings
1.6.5. Equality constraints handling in ARS, GA and SA
Chapter 2: Dynamic optimization problems
2.1. Discrete representations and dynamic programming algorithms
2.2. Recurrence equations
2.3. Discrete processes linear with respect to the time interval
2.4. Discrete algorithm of Pontryagin's type for processes linear in θn
2.5. Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations for continuous systems
2.5.1. Continuous optimization problem
2.5.2. Optimal performance functions and related HJB equations
2.5.3. Optimal performance in terms of the forward DP algorithm
2.5.4. Link with gauged integrals of performance
2.5.5. Diversity of equivalent formulations
2.5.6. Passage to the Hamilton-Jacobi equation
2.6. Continuous maximum principle
2.7. Calculus of variations
2.8. Viscosity solutions and nonsmooth analyzes
2.9. Stochastic control and stochastic maximum principle
Chapter 3: Energy limits for thermal engines and heat pumps at steady states
3.1. Introduction: Role of optimization in determining thermodynamic limits
3.2. Classical problem of thermal engine driven by heat flux
3.2.1. Maximum power in thermal engines
3.2.2. Lagrange multipliers and endoreversible system
3.2.3. Analysis of imperfect units in terms of efficiency control
3.2.4. Introducing Carnot temperature controls
3.2.5. Maximum power in terms of both Carnot temperatures
3.2.6. Entropy production and flux-dependent efficiencies
3.3. Towards work limits in sequential systems
3.4. Energy utilization and heat-pumps
3.5. Thermal separation processes
3.6. Steady chemical, electrochemical and other systems
3.7. Limits in living systems
Chapter 4: Hamiltonian optimization of imperfect cascades
4.1. Basic properties of irreversible cascade operations with a work flux
4.2. Description of imperfect units in terms of Carnot temperature control
4.3. Single-stage formulae in a model of cascade operation
4.4. Work optimization in cascade by discrete maximum principle
4.6. Continuous imperfect system with two finite reservoirs
Chapter 5: Maximum power from solar energy
5.1. Introducing Carnot controls for modelling solar-assisted operations
5.2. Thermodynamics of radiation
5.3. Classical exergy of radiation
5.4. Flux of classical exergy
5.5. Efficiencies of energy conversion
5.6. Towards a dissipative exergy of radiation at flow
5.7. Basic analytical formulae of steady pseudo-Newtonian model
5.8. Steady nonlinear models applying Stefan-Boltzmann equation
5.9. Dynamical theory for pseudo-Newtonian models
5.10. Dynamical models using Stefan-Boltzmann equation
5.11. Towards the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellmanapproaches
Chapter 6: Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman theory and practical energy systems
6.2. Dynamical optimization of power in a finite-resource process
6.3. Two different works and finite rate exergies
6.4. Some aspects of classical analytical HJB theory for continuous systems
6.5. HJB equations for nonlinear power generation systems
6.5.1. Arbitrary nonlinear kinetics
6.5.2. Radiation engine approximated by pseudo-Newtonian model
6.5.3. Stefan-Boltzmann engine
6.6. Analytical solutions in systems with linear kinetics
6.7. Extensions for systems with nonlinear kinetics and internal dissipation
6.8. Generalized exergies for nonlinear systems with minimum dissipation
6.8.1. Radiation as a pseudo-Newtonian resource
6.8.2. Two finite reservoirs, first one filled up with radiation
6.8.3. Compressible Newtonian resource without viscous friction
6.9. Systems theory in thermal and chemical engineering
6.9.1. Basic notions and early contributors
6.9.2. Energy system analyses
6.9.3. Mathematical modelling of industrial energy management
6.9.4. Decomposition of a global optimization problem
6.9.5. Remarks on diverse methodologies and links with ecological criteria
6.9.6. Control thermodynamics for explicitly dynamical systems
6.9.7. Interface of energy limits, structure design, thermoeconomics and ecology
6.9.8. Towards thermoeconomics and integration of heat energy
Chapter 7: Numerical optimization in allocation, storage, and recovery of thermal energy and resources
7.2. A discrete model for a nonlinear problem of maximum power from radiation
7.3. Nonconstant Hamiltoninas and convergence of discrete DP algorithms to viscosity solutions of HJB equations
Lemma (maximum principle)
Discrete Hamilton-Jacobi equations
7.4. Dynamic programming equation for maximum power from radiation
7.5. Discrete approximations and time adjoint as a Lagrange multiplier
7.6. Mean and local intensities in discrete processes
7.7. Legendre transform and original work function
7.8. Numerical approaches applying dynamic programming
7.9. Dimensionality reduction in dynamic programming algorithms
Chapter 8: Optimization and qualitative aspects of separation systems
8.1. General thermokinetic issues
8.2. Thermodynamic balances towards minimum heat or work
8.3. Results for irreversible separations driven by work or heat
8.4. Thermoeconomic optimization of thermal drying with fluidizing solids
8.4.2. Drying in quasihomogeneous fluidized bed
8.4.2.1. The original optimization problem
8.4.2.2. The Lagrangian multiplier and the transformed optimization problem
8.4.2.3. The recurrence equation of dynamic programming
8.4.2.4. The properties of the Lagrangian multiplier
8.4.2.5. Results of computations
8.4.2.6. Some summarizing remarks
8.4.3. Drying in inhomogeneous fluidized bed described by a bubble model
8.4.3.1. Rationale for the use of a bubble bed model in the fluidized drying
8.4.3.2. Problem formulation
8.4.3.3. Hydrodynamics of fluidized bed
8.4.3.4. Drying description
8.4.3.5. Optimization algorithm
8.4.3.6. Results of calculations
8.4.3.7. Summarizing remarks
8.5. Solar energy application to work assisted drying
8.5.1. A formula for performance coefficient
8.5.2. Two-stage optimization of drying with heat pumps
8.5.2.1. Formulation of a two-stage problem
8.5.3. Outline of work minimization procedure
8.6. Countercurrent discrete systems and Spalding's interface transfer
8.7. Towards evaluation of qualitative properties of paths in separation systems
8.8. A new approach to employment of Lapunov functions
8.9. Example: Qualitative properties of drying-moistening paths in the light of the stability theory
8.10. Example: Qualitative properties and stability of paths in a reacting system (carbon monoxide oxidation)
Chapter 9: Macroscopic rates in chemical reactors and chemical engines
9.2. Driving forces in transport processes and chemical reactions
9.3. General nonlinear equations of macrokinetics
9.4. Classical chemical and electrochemical kinetics
9.5. Inclusion of nonlinear transport phenomena
9.6. Continuous description of chemical (electrochemical) kinetics and transport phenomena
9.7. Towards power production in chemical systems
9.8. Thermodynamics of power generation in nonisothermal chemical engines
9.9. Nonisothermal engines in terms of Carnot variables
9.10. Entropy production in steady systems
9.11. Dissipative availabilities in dynamical systems
9.12. Characteristics of steady isothermal engines
9.13. Sequential models for dynamic power generators
9.13.2. Continuous models
9.14. A computational algorithm for dynamical process with power maximization
9.15. Results of computations
9.16. Some additional comments
9.17. Complex chemical power systems with internal dissipation
Chapter 10: Fuel cells and limiting performance of electrochemobiological systems
10.2. Electrochemical engines
10.3. Thermodynamics of entropy production and power limits in fuel cells
10.4. Calculation of operational voltage
10.4.1. Some introductory issues
10.4.2. Equilibrium cell potential
10.4.3. Leakage and internal resistances
10.4.4. Activation polarization
10.4.5. Ohmic polarization
10.4.6. Concentration polarization
10.5. Thermodynamic account of current dependent and current independent imperfections
10.5.1. Effective enthalpy and effective Gibbs free energy of reaction
10.5.2. Current independent imperfections
10.5.3. Current dependent imperfections
10.6. Evaluation of mass flows, power output, and efficiency
10.6.1. Mass flow rate of reactants
10.6.2. Power output and efficiency
10.7. Quality characteristics and feasibility criteria
10.8. Some experimental results
10.9. Assessing power limits in steady thermoelectrochemical engines
10.11. Unsteady states, dynamic units, and control problems
10.12. Biological fuel cells and biological sources of hydrogen
10.13. Other fuel cell systems
Chapter 11: Optimizing systems with deactivation and regeneration of catalysts
11.1. Catalysts in multiphase chemical reactors and regenerators
11.2. Sorption models and catalyst deactivation
11.3. A thermodynamic approach to deactivation of sorbents and catalysts
11.4. Chaos and fractals in chemical word
11.5. Control of biological reactions and decaying enzymes
11.6. Cocurrent tubular reactor with catalyst recycle
11.6.2. Formulation of optimization problem
11.6.3. Shapes of optimal temperature profiles
11.6.4. Results of numerical computations
11.7. System of tubular reactor—catalyst regenerator
11.7.2. Mathematical model of catalyst deactivation
11.7.3. Mathematical model of chemical reactions
11.7.4. Process profit flux
11.7.5. Optimization problem and algorithm
11.7.7. Conclusions and final remarks
Chapter 12: Heat integration within process integration
Chapter 13: Maximum heat recovery and its consequences for process system design
13.1. Introduction and problem formulation
13.2.1. Ad.1. Construction of HCC
13.2.2. Ad.2. Construction of CCC
13.2.3. Ad.3. Plotting and pushing the curves
13.4. Grand composite curve plot
13.5. Special topics in MER/MUC calculations
13.6. Summary and further reading
Chapter 14: Targeting and supertargeting in heat-exchanger network design
14.1. Targeting stage in overall design process
14.2. Basis of sequential approaches for HEN targeting
14.3. Basis of simultaneous approaches for HEN targeting
Chapter 15: Minimum utility cost (MUC) target by optimization approaches
15.1. Introduction and MER problem solution by mathematical programming
15.2. MUC problem solution methods
15.4. MUC under disturbances
Chapter 16: Minimum number of units (MNU) and minimum total surface area (MTA) targets
16.5. Minimum total area for shells (MTA-s) target
Chapter 17: Simultaneous HEN targeting for total annual cost
Chapter 18: Heat-exchanger network synthesis
18.2. Sequential approaches
18.2.1. Pinch technology-based methods
18.2.2. Sequential design with optimization approaches
18.3. Simultaneous approaches to HEN synthesis
Chapter 19: Heat-exchanger network retrofit
19.2. Network pinch method
19.3. Simultaneous approaches for HEN retrofit
Chapter 20: Approaches to water network design
20.2. Mathematical models and data for water network problem
20.2.1. Treatment/regeneration processes
20.2.2. Wastewater disposal sites
20.3. Overview of approaches in literature
20.3.1. Insight based approaches to water networks
Water treatment network-insight-based methods
20.3.2. Optimization based approaches to water networks
20.3.3. Optimization model for TWN: TWN-Superstr-Optim
Glossary of principal symbols, third edition
Energy Optimization in Process Systems and Fuel Cells
( 3 )
Disclaimer: Any content in publications that violate the sovereignty, the constitution or regulations of the PRC is not accepted or approved by CNPIEC.
