Chapter
2.2 Cell-type Specificity
3.1 DNA Hydroxymethylation
3.2 Early Adversity and the Hydroxymethylome
5 Methylation across the lifespan
6 What we do not know and how we get there
6.1 Tissue- and Cell-type Specificity
6.2 Hydroxymethylation and Non-CG Methylation
Chapter Two - Chromosomal Conformations and Epigenomic Regulation in Schizophrenia
1 Introduction to the epigenomics of schizophrenia
2 Regulation of chromosomal conformations in neurodevelopment
2.1 Building Blocks of the 3D Genome
2.2 Chromosomal Scaffolding Protein Mutations and Neuropsychiatric Disease
3 Loop disruptions potentially involved in schizophrenia: early findings
3.1 Promoter-Enhancer Loops and Transcriptional Regulation
3.2 Evidence for Loop Disruption in Brains of Subjects With Schizophrenia
4 (EPI)Genomic editing of loop-bound regulatory sequences in the preclinical model
Chapter Three - Progress in Epigenetics of Depression
2 Overview of epigenetic mechanisms
2.2 Chromatin Modifications
2.4 3D Chromatin Structure
3 Methods for studying epigenetics and depression
4 DNA methylation in depression
5 Histone modifications in depression
6 Chromatin remodeling in depression
7 Regulation of the 3D genome in depression
8 Noncoding RNAs in depression
Chapter Four - Epigenetics of Circadian Rhythms in Imprinted Neurodevelopmental Disorders
3 Neurodevelopmental disorders involving imprinting and circadian rhythms
3.1 Prader-Willi and Angelman Syndromes
3.2 Kagami-Ogata and Temple Syndromes
4 Mechanisms of imprinting in neurodevelopment
5 Circadian rhythms and imprinting in neurodevelopment
Chapter Five - The Role of DNA Methylation in Drug Addiction: Implications for Diagnostic and Therapeutics
2 Animal models of drug addiction
3 DNA methylation in animal models of drug addiction
4 Alterations in DNA methylation associated with drug addiction in human
5 DNA methylation as a biomarker
Chapter Six - DNA Methylation in Animal Models of Psychosis
1 The epigenetic hypothesis of psychiatric disease
1.1 Neurodevelopmental Models-Multiple Hit Hypothesis
1.2 DNA Methylation/Demethylation Pathway in the Brain
1.2.1 DNA Methyltransferases
1.2.2 DNA Methylation in Schizophrenia
1.2.3 Ten-Eleven Translocation Methyldioxygenases
1.2.4 Distribution of 5hmC in the Genome
2 Methionine mouse model of psychosis
2.1 Role of Methionine in Schizophrenia
2.2 Methionine Mouse Model of Schizophrenia
2.2.1 Behavioral Phenotype
2.2.2 Biochemical Phenotype
2.2.3 Responsiveness of the Methionine Model to Medications
3 Prenatal restraint stress model of schizophrenia
3.1 Behavioral Phenotype of PRS Mice
3.2 Biochemical Phenotype of PRS Mice
3.3 Responsiveness of the PRS Mouse to Medications
Chapter Seven - Epigenetic Programming by Early-Life Stress
2 Early life adversity shapes later life stress responsivity
4 Epigenetic programming by prenatal stress
4.2 Epigenetic Programming by Postnatal Stress
4.3 Interactions of Prenatal and Postnatal Stress
5 Epigenetic programming by early-life care
6 Transgenerational effects of stress
7 Blood epigenetic markers for early-life stress
Chapter Eight - Epigenetic Drugs for Mood Disorders
1.1 Major Depressive Disorder
1.1.1 Current Pharmacotherapy of Major Depressive Disorder
1.2.1 Current Pharmacotherapy of Bipolar Disorder
2 Epigenetic changes in mood disorders
2.1 Epigenetic Changes in Major Depressive Disorder
2.2 Epigenetic Changes in Bipolar Disorder
3 Epigenetic therapy of mood disorders
3.1 Epigenetic Drugs for Mood Disorders
3.2 Nutritional Drugs Having Epigenetic Effects in Mood Disorders
Chapter Nine - DNA Methylation and Psychiatric Disorders
1 DNA methylation in human genome
1.1 Cytosine Methylation and Demethylation
1.2 CpG and Non-CpG (CpH) Methylation
1.3 Enzymes Involved in Cytosine Methylation and Demethylation
1.5 Functionality of DNA Methylation
1.6 Mitochondrial DNA Methylation
1.7 Techniques for Measuring DNA Methylation
1.8 Materials for Studying DNA Methylation in Psychiatric Disorders
2 Factors influencing DNA methylation
2.2 Environmental Factors
2.2.2 Postnatal Exposures
3 DNA methylation in major psychiatric disorders
3.1 Global DNA Methylation Changes in Major Psychiatric Disorders
3.2 Gene-Specific Methylation Studies in Psychiatric Disorders
3.2.1 DNA Methylation of Candidate Genes in Psychiatric Disorders
3.2.1.1 DNA Methylation of Dopaminergic System Genes in SZ, BD, MDD, AN, ADHD, and AUD
3.2.1.2 DNA Methylation of the Serotonergic System in SZ, BD, MDD, and ADHD
3.2.1.3 DNA Methylation of Glutamatergic System in SZ and BD
3.2.1.4 DNA Methylation of GABAergic System in SZ, BD, and AUD
3.2.1.5 DNA Methylation of Genes Associated With Immune System and Inflammation in SZ, BD, MDD, and PTSD
3.2.1.6 DNA Methylation of Other Candidate Genes
3.2.1.6.1 BDNF in SZ, BD, and BN
3.2.1.6.2 Candidate Genes From Genetic Studies
3.2.1.6.3 Other Candidate Genes
3.2.2 Epigenome-Wide Association Studies
3.2.2.1 DNA Methylation Changes in Brain Highlight the Importance of Early Brain Development
3.2.2.2 DNA Methylation Changes in Peripheral Tissues Highlight the Relevance of Immune Function in Psychiatric Etiology
3.2.3 Monozygotic Twin Studies on Psychiatric Disorders
4 Future perspectives and challenges
4.1 Network Analysis and Integration of Multidimensional Data
4.2 Single-Cell Methylome
4.3 DNA Methylation Signatures of Intermediate Phenotypes
4.4 Methylation Editing and Functional Validation
4.5 DNA Methylation-Based Treatments
Chapter Ten - Understanding the Neuroepigenetic Constituents of Suicide Brain
2 MicroRNAs as Epigenetic Modifiers in Major Depressive Disorder and Suicide Brain
2.1 Orchestrated Cellular Dynamics Behind MicroRNA Biogenesis and Regulation
2.2 Epigenetic Role of MicroRNAs in Major Depressive Disorder-Suicide Brain
3 DNA Methylation (5mC) Based Epigenetic Dysregulation in Suicide Brain
3.4 Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Associated Genes
3.5 Genome-Wide Methylation Studies
4 Influence of Histone Based Epigenetic Regulation in Depression and Suicide Pathophysiology
5 Epigenetic Signature in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells-An Emerging Diagnostic Approach to Explore Biomarkers for Suicidal Behavior
6 Conclusions and Future Directions
Chapter Eleven - Epigenetic Mechanisms of Traumatic Brain Injuries
1.1 Traumatic Brain Injury
1.1.1 Severity of Injuries
2.3 DNA Methylation and Demethylation in TBI
2.3.1 DNA Methylation in Blast-Induced Neurotrauma
2.3.2 Spatiotemporal Relationship of DNMT With TBI
2.3.3 DNA Methylation and TBI-Induced Anxiety-Like Behaviors
2.3.4 DNA Methylation and the Inflammatory Response Following TBI
2.3.5 Fluoxetine and Epigenetic Factors
2.3.6 DNA Methylation and TBI-Induced Functional Changes in the Enteric Nervous System
3.3 Histone Modifications in TBI
3.3.1 Global Histone Methylation and Acetylation in the Hippocampus
3.3.2 Cross Talk Between Histone Modifications and DNA Methylation in TBI-Induced Alternative Splicing
3.3.3 Role of HDAC Inhibitors in TBI Pathology
4.1.1 miRNAs in the Blast Injury Model
4.1.2 miRNAs in the Weight Drop Model
4.1.3 miRNAs in the Controlled Cortical Impact Injury Model
4.1.4 miRNAs in the Fluid Percussion Injury Model
5.1 Mitochondrial Dysfunction in TBI
5.2 Mitochondrial Epigenetics
Chapter Twelve - Nonprotein-coding RNAs in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
2.2 Histone Modifications
2.3 Transgenerational Effects
2.4.1 Small Nucleolar and Small Nuclear RNAs
2.4.2 PIWI-associated RNAs
2.4.4 Long Noncoding RNAs
3 A case for epigenetics and FASD
4.1 Alterations to miRNA Expression in FASD
4.1.1 miR-9 as a Contributor to Craniofacial Deficits
4.1.2 miR-153, Neuronal Development and Hyperactivity
4.1.3 miRNAs and Other PAE Phenotypes
4.2 miRNA and Placental Function in FASD
4.3 miRNAs as Biomarkers of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure
4.4 miRNA as Biomarkers of Therapeutic Efficacy and Potential Therapeutic Agents
5.1 lncRNA and Lessons from Alcohol Use Disorders and Development
5.1.1 Alcohol Use Disorder
5.1.2 Developmental Disorders
5.1.3 Neurodevelopmental Disorders
6 Small nucleolar RNA and FASD
7.1 Speciation, Differentiation, and Teratogenicity
7.2 Role of Sex Differences in FASD and FASD-associate ncRNAs
7.3 Role for Other ncRNA Families
7.4 Targeting lncRNA as Potential Therapeutics
Chapter Thirteen - The Epigenetics of Early Life Adversity: Current Limitations and Possible Solutions
2 Stress: definitions and systems
3 The stress response pathways
3.1 Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis
3.2 Autonomic Nervous System
4 Early life adversity and psychiatric disease
5 The role of epigenetics during development
5.2 Histone Posttranslational Modifications
6 Animal studies on the epigenetic impact of ELA
6.2 Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factor
6.3 GABA and Glutamate Signaling
6.4 Serotonin and Dopamine Signaling
6.5 Estrogen and Oxytocin Signaling
7 Human studies on the epigenetic impact of ELA
7.2 Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factor
8 Individual variation in the impacts of ELA
8.5 Cell-Type Differences
9 Current technical limitations and possible solutions
9.1 Dynamic Nature of Epigenetic Processes
9.2 Cell-Type Specificity of Epigenetic Mechanisms
Epigenetics and Psychiatric Disease
( Volume 157 )
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