Chapter
Application of NMR to Resolve Food Structure, Composition and Quality
The Macrostructure Level:
The Microstructure Level:
NMR AS A MULTIPURPOSE TECHNIQUE FOR FOOD ASSAY
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Spectral-Relaxation Deconvolution
DATA ANALYSIS, INFORMATION EXTRACTION AND KNOWLEDGE GENERATION
NMR Spectroscopy for Evaluation of Lipid Oxidation
Challenges in Assessing Lipid Oxidation
1H NMR Spectroscopy for Assessment of Lipid Oxidation
Assessment of Lipid Oxidation by Monitoring 1H NMR Signal Intensities
1H NMR Spectroscopy for Identification of Oxidation Products
13C NMR spectroscopy for Assessment of Lipid Oxidation
The Application of NMR Spectroscopy to the Study of Pyranoanthocyanins: Structural Elucidation, Solution Equilibria and Exhibited Color in Foods and Beverages
1. PYRANOANTHOCYANINS: AN INTERESTING CLASS OF PIGMENTS DERIVED FROM ANTHOCYANINS
1.2. Chemical Structure of Anthocyanins
1.3. Influence of Aqueous Solution Equilibria on Anthocyanin Chemical Structure
1.4. Reactivity of Anthocyanins. Formation of Anthocyanin-Derived Pigments
1.4.1. Thermal Degradation
1.4.4. Formation of Anthocyanin-Derived Pigments
2. PYRANOANTHOCYANINS: STRUCTURES, PROPERTIES AND DISTRIBUTION AMONG FOODSTUFFS
2.1. Structures of Pyranoanthocyanins
2.1.1. Vitisin-Type Pyranoanthocyanins
2.1.2. Hydroxyphenyl-Pyranoanthocyanins
2.1.3. Flavanyl-Pyranoanthocyanins
2.2. Properties of Pyranoanthocyanins
2.3. Occurrence of Pyranoanthocyanins in Foodstuffs
2.3.1. Red Wine, Port Wine, Grape Pomace and Lees
2.3.2. Fruit and Vegetable Juices/Wines
2.3.3. Fruits and Vegetables
3. NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE (NMR) SPECTROSCOPY APPLIED TO THE STRUCTURE ELUCIDATION OF ANTHOCYANINS, PYRANOANTHOCYANINS AND OTHER DERIVATIVES
3.1. Fundamentals of NMR Spectroscopy Applied to the Analysis of Anthocyanins and Pyranoanthocyanins
3.2. Application of NMR Spectroscopy in the Structural Identification of New Anthocyanins Derivatives in the Flavylium Form, and their Different Equilibrium Forms
3.2.1. Analysis of the Flavylium Cation Form
3.2.2. Analysis of the Different Forms in Equilibrium
3.3. Application of NMR Spectroscopy in the Structural Identification of New Pyranoanthocyanin Derivatives
3.3.1. Structural Identification of New Pigments of Pyranoanthocyanins, Chemical Behavior and Structural Identification of Equilibrium Forms
3.3.2. Structural Identification of New Pigments of Pyranoanthocyanins Linked to a Flavanyl Moiety or Hydroxyphenyl (Portisins)
3.3.3. Structural Identification of Pyranoanthocyanins Dimers and Other Rare Pyranoanthocyanins
NMR Spectroscopy: A Powerful Tool to Investigate the Role of Tannins in the Taste of Wine and their Health Protective Effect
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN TANNINS AND SALIVA PROTEINS
Stoichiometry and Strength of Binding
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN TANNINS AND BUCCAL MEMBRANE LIPIDS
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF TANNINS ON MEMBRANE OXIDATION
Applications of Quantitative 1H NMR in Food-Related Analysis
qNMR Methods: Internal and External Standards Methods
Purity Determination of Reference substances for Pesticide and Natural Toxins
Determining Purity of a Pesticide Reference substance with qNMR [24]
Purity Determination of Reference Substances for Natural Toxins [27]
Application of qNMR to Natural Organic Compounds
Quantification of Carminic Acid
Quantification of Rutin, Isoquercitrin, and Quercetin
Quantification of Steviol Glycosides
Quantification of Carthamin
Determination of Food Additives in Processed Foods by qNMR
qNMR of Sorbic Acid, Dehydroacetic Acid, and Acesulfame Potassium
Pre-treatment and Recovery Test
Comparison of Methods using Commercially Available Food Products
Cell-Free Protein Synthesis for NMR Structural Analysis of Large Proteins and Complexes
CELL-FREE EXPRESSION SYSTEMS AND TOOLS TO OPTIMISE PRODUCTION OF TARGET PROTEINS
CELL-FREE SELECTIVE LABELING APPROACHES TO AID NMR ANALYSIS
CELL-FREE COMBINATORIAL LABELING APPROACHES TO AID NMR ANALYSIS
SEGMENTAL LABELLING STRATEGIES TO REDUCE SPECTRAL COMPLEXITY
CELL-FREE DEUTERATION TO REDUCE LINE BROADENING
CELL-FREE STEREO-ARRAY ISOTOPE LABELING (SAIL) TO ACQUIRE DISTANCE CONSTRAINTS
CELL-FREE INCORPORATION OF UNNATURAL AMINO ACIDS TO PROVIDE LONG DISTANCE CONSTRAINTS