Chapter
History and Epidemiology of Craniopharyngioma
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND DEMOGRAPHY
The Pituitary Gland and Etiology of Craniopharyngioma
MORPHOLOGY AND CYTOLOGY OF THE PITUITARY GLAND
Cytology of the Pituitary Gland
Pathological Influence of Pituitary Stalk Dissection
EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE PITUITARY GLAND AND ITS ACCESSORY STRUCTURES
Embryonic Development: Pituitary Gland
Embryonic Development: Pituitary Capsule
ORIGIN OF CRANIOPHARYNGIOMA
Residual Cells of Craniopharyngeal Duct [4, 22, 31, 32, 37]
Residual Rathke’s Pouch Cells
Cellular Metaplastic Theory
Pathological Classification of Craniopharyngioma and its Molecular Aspects
Xiao-rong Yan* and Yi Liu
IMAGING FEATURES OF CRANIOPHARYNGIOMA
HARD STRUCTURES IN CRANIOPHARYNGIOMA (CALCIFICATION, OSSIFICATION AND DENTAL TISSUE)
Current Therapeutic Situation
MANAGEMENT DURING THE PERIOPERATIVE PERIOD
Hydrocephalus and Increased Intracranial Pressure
Hormone Replacement Therapy
Hormone Replacement Therapy
Sudden Disturbance in Consciousness
SURGICAL TREATMENT FOR CRANIOPHARYNGIOMA
Prognostic Factors for Tumor Recurrence
Long-term Outcomes of Craniopharyngioma After Resection
RADIOTHERAPY FOR CRANIOPHARYNGIOMA
External Beam Irradiation
Stereotactic Radiotherapy
Internal Irradiation (Brachytherapy)
Stereotactic Radiosurgery
Radiation-induced Disturbances in Hypothalamic Pituitary Function
CHEMOTHERAPY FOR CRANIOPHARYNGIOMA
Intracavitary Chemotherapy
Experimental Craniopharyngioma Research
Guang-long Huang1,* and Jie Zhou2
CELL CULTURE AND TUMORIGENICITY IN VIVO
CRANIOPHARYNGIOMA AND INFLAMMATION
CRANIOPHARYNGIOMA AND THE EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION (EMT)
Anatomy Based on Pterional Approach and its Extension Approach for Surgery of Craniopharyngioma
PTERIONAL APPROACH AND ITS EXTENSION
Position and Surgical Technique
Anatomical Figures (Figs. 1-8)
PTERIONAL APPROACH WITH SUB-TEMPORAL EXTENSION
Anatomical Figures (Figs. 9-16)
SURGERY OF CRANIOPHARYNGIOMA
Anatomy Based on Interhemispheric Approach for Surgery of Craniopharyngioma
FRONTOBASAL INTERHEMISPHERIC APPROACH
Position and Surgical Technique
Anatomical Figures (Figs. 1-9)
TRANSCALLOSAL AND INTERFONIX APPROACH
Position and Surgical Technique
Approach Figures (Figs. 10-15)
SURGERY FOR CRANIOPHARYNGIOMA
Anatomy Based on Transspenoidal Approaches for Surgery of Craniopharyngioma
TRANSNASAL TRANSSHPENOIDAL APPROACH AND EXTENSIONS
Position and Surgical Technique
Approach Figures (Figs. 1-14)
SURGERY OF CRANIOPHAYRNGIOMA
Craniopharyngioma Classification: History and its Merit
HITSTORICAL REVIEWS OF CLASSIFICATION
GENERAL CLASSIFICATION AND ITS ADVANTAGES AND SHORTCOMINGS
ASPS AND FOUR SEGEMENTS OF THE PITUITARY STALK
TOPOGRAPHIC CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THE RELEVANT PARASELLAR MEMBRANES
Infra-Diaphragmatic Tumor
Suprasellar Extraventricular Tumor
Extra- and Intra-Ventricular Tumor
Infundibulo-tuberal Tumor
Comparison of Cases Between Adults and Children
SURGICAL CLASSIFICATION (“QST” CLASSIFICATION)
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF OPERATIVE APPROACH SELECTION
Approach Selection Based on Surgical Classification
Subdiaphragmatic Craniopharyngioma (Type “Q”)
DEFINITION, INCIDENCE AND TUMOR TOPOGRAPHY
MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF ID-CP
CLINICAL MANIFESTATION OF ID-CP
SURGICAL AIMS AND STRATEGY
SPECIAL CONSIDERATION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ID-CP
SELECTION OF SURGICAL APPROACH
SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY AND SKILL
The Relationship Between the Diaphragmatic Sellae and Tumor Fig. (17)
Outcomes and Complications
Postoperative Hypothalamic Status
Subarachnoid Cisternal Craniopharyngioma (Type “S”)
ANATOMICAL LOCATION OF THE TUMOR
NEUROIMAGING OF SUBARACHNOID CPS
CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF SUBARACHNOID CPS
SURGICAL DIFFICULTY DEGRADING
SURGICAL APPROACH SELECTION
Suprasellar Infundibulo-Tuberal Craniopharyngioma (Type “T”)
DEFINITION OF “INFUNDIBULO-TUBER CP”
Relationship Between the Tumor and Third Ventricular Floor
Evaluation of Surgical Risk
Surgical Approach Selection
Techniques of the Trans-terminalis Approach
EVALUATION OF THE EXTENT OF SURGICAL REMOVAL
RISK FACTORS FOR RECURRENCE
Prognostic Evaluation Methods
Neuropsychological and Cognitive/Functional Outcome
Intraventricular Craniopharyngioma?
INTRAVENTRICULAR CP (IVC) DEFINITION
EMBRYONIC THEORY OF IVC ORIGIN
DEMOGRAPHY, INCIDENCE AND CLINICAL PRESENTATION
Stratification of the 3rd VF and its Relationship with CP
Case No. 1 (Male Patient, 46 Years Old)
Case No. 2 (Boy, 7 Years Old)
Case No. 3 (Woman, 50 Years Old, Recurrent Case)
Case No. 4 (Man, 45 Years Old)
Infra-sellar and Nasopharyngeal Craniopharyngioma
DIAGNOSIS AND DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
Surgical Treatment of Recurrent Craniopharyngioma
RECURRENCE PATTERNS OF CPS
Recurrence of Subdiaphragmatic CP
Recurrence of Suprasellar 3rd VF Tumors
CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RECURRENT CPS
THERAPEUTIC STRTEGY FOR RECURRENT CP
Surgical Techniques for Recurrent CPs
PROGNOSIS OF RECURRENT CPS
Hypopituitarism in Craniopharyngioma
Chun-ling Ye1,* and Jun-xiang Peng2
LABORATORY EXAMINATION METHODS OF PITUITARY HORMONES
Basal Anterior Pituitary Hormone Assays
Dynamic Tests of Anterior Pituitary Function
Assessing the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal (HPA) Axis
Assessing the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal (HPA) Axis
Assessing Growth Hormone Reserve
Assessing the Pituitary–gonadal Axis
Posterior Pituitary Assessment
CLINICAL MANIFESTATION OF PANHYPOPITUITARISM
ENDOCRINOLOGICAL EVALUATION BEFORE AND AFTER SURGERY
Hormone Replacement Therapy
Testosterone Cipionate or Testosterone Enanthate Replacement
Replacement Therapy for LH and FSH Deficiency (women)
Hypopituitarism Patterns of Adult Craniopharyngioma
Endocrinological Assessment
Endocrine Characteristics Before and After Operation
Endocrine Changes in Early Period of Postoperation
Endocrine Changes in Mid and Late Postoperative (Tables 2 and 3)
GROWTH FEATURES OF CHILDHOOD CRANIOPHARYNGIOMAS
Hypothalamus Status Evaluation
Chun-ling Ye1,* and Jun-xiang Peng2
HYPOTHALAMIC OBESITY IN CRANIOPHARYNGIOMA
Clinical Characteristics of CP Patients with Hypothalamic Obesity
Reduced Physical Activity
Treatment of Hypothalamic Obesity
OBESITY AFTER RADICAL RESECTION OF PEDIATRIC CP: RELATIONSHIP WITH TUMOR LOCATION AND GROWTH PATTERN
EMOTIONAL, MEMEORY AND CIRCADIAN RHYTHM CHANGES WITH CRANIOPHARYNGIOMA
Clinical Manifestation and Management in Children
THE CONCEPT OF PEDIATRIC CRANIOPHARYNGIOMA
PRESENTING MANIFESTATION IN PEDIATRIC CP
NEURORADIOLOGY OF PEDIATRIC CP
THE HEPOTHALAMO-PITUITARY FUNCTION AT PRESENTATION
MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PEDIATRIC VERSUS ADULT CP
THERAPUTIC STRATEGY FOR PEDIATRIC CP
PROGNOSIS OF PEDIATRIC CP
Typical Cases of Craniopharyngioma
INFRADIAPHRAGMATIC CRANIOPHARYNGIOMA (TYPE “Q”)
Membranous Structures and Hierarchical Layers: (Fig. 2)
Physical and Experimental Examination
Radiological Images Before Surgery
Membranous Structures and Hierarchical Layers: Fig. (5)
Physical and Experimental Examination
Radiological Images Before Surgery
Membranous Structures and Hierarchical Layers: Fig. (8)
Physical and Experimental Examination
Radiological Images Before Surgery
Membranous Structures and Hierarchical Layers: Fig. (11)
Physical and Experimental Examination
Radiological Images Before Surgery
CISTERNAL CRANIOPHARYGIOMA (TYPE “S”)
Physical and Experimental Examination: Fig. (16)
Radiological Images Before Surgery
Membranous Structures and Hierarchical Layers: Fig. (17)
Physical and Experimental Examination
Radiological Images Before Surgery
Membranous Structures and Hierarchical Layers: Fig. (21)
Physical and Experimental Examination
Radiological Images Before Surgery
Membranous Structures and Hierarchical Layers: Fig. (24)
Physical and Experimental Examination
Radiological Images Before Surgery
Membranous Structures and Hierarchical Layers
Physical and Experimental Examination
Radiological Images Before Surgery
CISTERNAL CRANIOPHARYGIOMA (TYPE “S”)
Physical and Experimental Examination
Radiological Images Before Surgery
Physical and Experimental Examination
Radiological Images Before Surgery
Physical and Experimental Examination
Radiological Images Before Surgery
Physical and Experimental Examination
Radiological Images Before Surgery
Physical and Experimental Examination
Radiological Images Before Surgery
Craniopharyngiomas - Classification and Surgical Treatment
( Frontiers in Neurosurgery )
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