Chapter
Chapter 2 - Physical and Chemical Basis of Nonthermal Plasma
2.1.2 - Physical Basis of NTP
2.1.3 - Background to the Hazards of Physical Stress
2.1.4 - How to Measure the Strength of NTP Stress
Chapter 2.2 Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Sources for Plasma Medicine Yuichi Setsuhara, Giichiro Uchida, Kosuke Takenaka Jo...
2.2.2 - Fundamentals of Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Generation
2.2.3 - Categories of Plasma Sources in Terms of Irradiation Schemes for Biomedical Applications
2.2.4 - Plasma Sources for Plasma-Jet Type
2.2.5 - Plasma Sources for Plasma-Effluent Downstream Type
Chapter 2.3 Active Laser Spectroscopy
2.3.2 - Fundamentals of Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF)
2.3.3 - Humidity Distribution
2.3.4 - Correlation Between Reactive Species Densities and Cell Deactivation Rate
2.3.5 - Reactive Species Densities in APPJ
Chapter 2.4 Optical Diagnostics of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma
2.4.1 - Absorption Spectroscopy
2.4.1.1 - Theory of Absorption Spectroscopy
2.4.1.2 - Application of Microdischarge Hollow Cathode Lamps to Absorption Spectroscopy
2.4.2 - Plasma Diagnostics Based on Optical Emission Spectroscopy
2.4.2.1 - Measurement of Gas Temperature Based on the Second Positive System of Nitrogen Molecules
2.4.2.2 - Measurement of Electron Density in Plasmas
2.4.2.2.1 - Stark Broadening of the Hydrogen Balmer β Emission Line
2.4.2.2.2 - Laser Thomson Scattering Spectroscopy
2.4.3 - Optical Diagnostics of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma
Chapter 2.5 Electrical Diagnostics
2.5.2 - Displacement Current and Conduction Current Defined Using Maxwell’s Equations
2.5.3 - Relationship Between Power and the Poynting Vector
2.5.4 - Measurements of the Current and Voltage
Chapter 2.6 Plasma chemistry of reactive species in gaseous phase
2.6.2 - Fluid Mechanics—Air Entrainment in the Effluent
2.6.3 - Energy Dissipation Mechanisms
2.6.4 - Electric Field and Current Phenomena
2.6.5 - Overview of Gaseous Reactions—O, N, OH, and NO Generation
Chapter 2.7 Production control of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species
2.7.2 - Control of Rons Production by a Low-Frequency Plasma Jet With a Shielding Gas Flow
2.7.3 - Control of Rons Production by a Low-Frequency Plasma Jet With/Without Contact to the Liquid Surface
2.7.4 - A Large Amount of RNS Production by a High-Frequency Plasma Jet with High Plasma Density
Chapter 2.8 Plasma-Liquid and Plasma-Biological Matter Interactions
2.8.2 - Chemistry—Basics of Reactive Species
2.8.3 - Methods for Detecting Aqueous Reactive Species
2.8.4 - Aqueous Reactions Involving H2O2 and NO2
2.8.4.1 - Interaction With Liquid Phase
2.8.5 - Case Study: Lactec (Ringer’s Lactate)
2.8.6 - Case Study: Cell Culture Medium (DMEM or RPMI)
2.8.7 - Case Study: Cells
2.8.8 - Case Study: Blood Coagulation
2.8.9 - Concluding Remarks
Chapter 2.9 Simulation of Reactive Species: Kinetics in Aqueous Phase
2.9.3 - Sample Simulation
Chapter 3 - Plasma Biological Science in Various Species
Chapter 3.1 - Introduction (Background, Aim of the Chapter)
Chapter 3.2 - Modeling and Analysis of Interactions Between Plasma and Living Systems
3.2.1 - Damage to Nucleic Acids and Proteins
3.2.4 - Bacillus subtilis Spores
3.2.5 - Saccharomyces cerevisiae—Yeast-Based Genotoxicity Testing
3.2.6 - Caenorhabditis elegans
Chapter 3.3 - Effect of Plasma Irradiation on the In Vitro Growth of Babesia and Trypanosoma Parasites
CHAPTER
3.4 - Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Gene Expression Changes—Characteristics of Physical Therapies
3.4.2 - Chemical Effects of Ionizing Radiation, Ultrasound, Hyperthermia, and Cold Atmospheric Plasma
3.4.2.1 - Initial Process and Chemical Effects of Ionizing Radiation
3.4.2.2 - Chemical Effects of Ultrasound
3.4.2.3 - Regions of Sonochemistry
3.4.2.4 - Chemical Effects of Hyperthermia
3.4.2.5 - Chemical Effects of CAP
3.4.3 - Free Radical Formation in Aqueous Solutions Induced by CAP
3.4.4 - Intracellular Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species Induced by CAP
3.4.5 - Ar-CAP and X-ray Irradiation-Induced Intracellular ROS Formation at Iso-apoptotic Doses
3.4.6 - Gene Expression Changes in Human Lymphoma U937 Cells Exposed to CAP With or Without Nitrogen
3.4.7 - Possibilities of Combination Between CAP and Other Physical Modalities for Future Therapeutic Application
Chapter 3.5 - Molecular Mechanism of Cellular Responses to Nonthermal Plasma
3.5.2 - PAM-Induced Cancer Cell Injury via a Spiral Apoptotic Cascade Involving the Mitochondrial-Nuclear Network
3.5.3 - Iron Stimulates PAM-Induced A549 Cell Injury
3.5.4 - Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Stimulate the Susceptibility of A549 Cells to a PAM Treatment
3.5.5 - Cytoprotective Effects of Mild PAM Against Oxidative Stress in Human Skin Fibroblasts
Chapter 3.6 - Plasma Medical Science Through the Understanding of Biological Framework
3.6.1 - Penetration of Reactive Radicals Into Living Organisms and Oxidative Stress by the NTP Exposure
Chapter 3.7 - Synthetic Models to Monitor the Spatiotemporal Delivery of Plasma-Generated Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species Into Tissue and Cells
Chapter 4 - Regulation of Cell Membrane Transport by Plasma
Chapter 4.1 - Introduction
Chapter 4.2 - Cell Membrane Transport Enhanced by Plasma Activated Channel and Transporter
4.2.2 - Plasma Irradiation System for Activating Cell Membrane Transport
4.2.3 - Molecule Transfer Using Plasma Irradiation
4.2.4 - Key Factors in Molecule Transfer Enhanced by Plasma Irradiation
4.2.5 - Mechanism Underlying Molecule Uptake Evoked by Gas-Phase-APP produced Reactive Species
Chapter 4.3 - Cell Membrane Transport Enhanced by Plasma-Activated Endocytosis
4.3.1 - Introduction: Plasma Gene Transfection and Various Plasma Sources
4.3.2 - Microdischarge Plasma for Gene/Molecule Transfer
4.3.3 - Gene/Molecular Introduction Mechanism in Microdischarge Plasma Method: Synergistic Effect of Electrical and Chemica...
Chapter 4.4 - Cell Membrane Transport Via Pore Formation Enhanced by Micro-Plasma Bubble
4.4.2 - Injection Via Pore Formation by Electrically-Induced Bubbles
4.4.2.1 - Concept of Bubble Injector
4.4.2.2 - Bubble Formation With Reagent Interface
4.4.2.3 - Simultaneous Injection and Ablation
4.4.3 - Injection ViA Pore Formation by ElectricAlly-Induced Plasma-Bubbles
4.4.3.1 - Concept of Bubble and Plasma Injector
4.4.3.2 - Fabrication of Bubble and Plasma Injector
4.4.3.3 - Experimental Procedures
4.4.4 - Micro-Plasma Bubbles
4.4.4.1 - Microbubbles and Plasma Generation
4.4.4.2 - Reagent Injection by Using Bubble Cavitation
4.4.4.3 - Reagent Injection to Hard Biological Materials by Using Synergistic Effect of Cavitation of Bubble and Plasma
Chapter 4.5 - Cell Membrane Transport Via Pore Formation Enhanced by Plasma Reactive Species
4.5.2 - Artificial Lipid Bilayers
4.5.3 - Effects of Plasma on Artificial Lipid Bilayers
4.5.4 - Mechanism of Pore Formation in Artificial Lipid Bilayers
4.5.5 - Transport Through Nanopores
Chapter 4.6 - Numerical Modeling of Cell Membrane Transport Enhanced by Plasma Irradiation
4.6.2 - Numerical Models and Simulation Techniques
4.6.2.1 - Modeling of the Multiphase
4.6.2.3 - Molecular Dynamics
4.6.2.4 - MC Simulation of Cell Membrane Poration
4.6.3 - Simulation Examples of Plasma Irradiation to the Cell Membrane
4.6.3.1 - Formation of Plasma with Gas Flow on a Biological Interface
4.6.3.2 - Incidence of Plasma Species to a Water Surface
4.6.3.3 - Interaction of Plasma Species with Biological Molecules
4.6.3.4 - Penetration of Plasma Species in the Cell Membrane
4.6.3.5 - MC Simulation of Cell Membrane Poration Induced by Direct and IPI
Chapter 4.7 - Future Perspective of Plasma Gene Transfection
Chapter 5 - Reactive Oxygen Species in Plasma Medical Science (PAM and Cancer Therapy)
Chapter 5.1 - Introduction
Chapter 5.2 - Plasma Activated Medium
5.2.2 - The Involvement of Reactive Species in the Antitumor Effects of PAM
5.2.3 - The Stability of the Antitumor Effect of PAM Compared with that of H2O2-Added Medium
5.2.4 - Identification of the Factors That Influence the Stability of PAM’s Antitumor Effect
5.2.5 - Medium Components That Influence the Stability of Hydrogen Peroxide in PAM
Chapter 5.3 - Pathology of Oxidative Stress
5.3.1 - Introduction of Pathology
5.3.2 - Pathologic Response Against Cellular Stress
5.3.3 - Pathology of Oxidative Stress
Chapter 5.4 - The Translation Inhibitor Pdcd4-Mediated Mechanisms Inducing Apoptosis and Plasma-Stimulated Cell Death
5.4.2 - The function of Pdcd4 in apoptosis
5.4.3 - The function of Pdcd4 in plasma-induced cell death
Chapter 5.5 - Plasma Medical Innovation for Cancer Therapy
5.5.2 - Effect of NTP on Cancer Cells
5.5.3 - Preferential Killing of Tumor Cells by NTP
5.5.4 - The Antimetastatic Ability of NTP
5.5.5 - Tumor-Inhibitory Effect of NTP in Animal Model
5.5.6 - Possibility of Application of Plasma for Cancer Therapy
Chapter 5.6 - Gynecologic Cancers
5.6.2 - Direct and Indirect of Nonthermal Plasma Irradiation of EOC Cells
5.6.3 - Selective Cytotoxicity of PAM on EOC Cells
5.6.4 - The IP Injection of PAM
5.6.5 - Molecular Mechanisms of PAM Supressing Ovarian Cancer Dissemination
Chapter 5.7 - Plasma Medicine Innovations in Cancer Therapy: Glioblastoma
5.7.1 - Plasma-Activated Medium Exhibited Antitumor Effect on Glioblastomas
5.7.2 - PAM Induced Apoptosis on Glioblastomas by Downregulating the Survival and Proliferation Signaling
5.7.3 - Plasma-Activated Ringer’s Lactate Solution Exhibited Antitumor Effect on Glioblastomas
Chapter 5.8 - Plasma Medical Innovation for Cancer Therapy: Melanoma
5.8.2 - Effects of NEAPP Irradiation on Melanomas That Developed in RET-Mice
5.8.3 - Effects of NEAPP Irradiation on Benign Melanocytic Tumors That Developed in HL-RET-Mice
Chapter 5.9 - Gastrointestinal Cancers
5.9.2 - Pancreatic Cancer
Chapter 5.10 - Plasma Medical Innovation for Cancer Therapy: Cancer Initiating Cells
5.10.1 - What Are Cancer Initiating Cells?
5.10.2 - Effect of Nonthermal Plasma and PAM on CICs in vitro and in vivo
5.10.3 - Effect of Plasma Combined With Anticancer Drug on CICs
Chapter 5.11 - Age-Related Macular Degeneration
5.11.2 - Plasma-Activated Medium (PAM) as a Novel Therapeutic for Neovascular AMD
5.11.3 - Retinal Toxicity of PAM
Chapter 6 - Application of Plasma to Humans (Blood Coagulation and Regenerative Medicine)
Chapter 6.1 - Introduction
Chapter 6.2 - Cutting-Edge Technologies of Bleeding Control Using Nonthermal Plasma—Mechanism of Blood Coagulation and Wound Healing
6.2.1 - Introduction to Hemostasis
6.2.2 - Types of Plasma Equipment
6.2.3a - Flare-Contact Type
6.2.3b - Flare-Contactless Type
6.2.3 - Measurement Methods
6.2.4 - Mechanism of Blood Coagulation
6.2.4a Activation of Blood Clot Formation Cascades
6.2.4b Protein Clot Formation Theory
6.2.5 - Challenges and Prospects
Chapter 6.3 - Clinical Efficacy of Nonthermal Plasma Treatment in Minimally Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery
6.3.1 - Issues in Minimally Invasive Surgery
6.3.2 - Small Animal Model
6.3.3 - Large Animal Model
Chapter 6.4 - Molecular Morphological Analysis of The Effect of Plasma Irradiation on Cells, Tissue
6.4.2 - Treatment With Low-Temperature Plasma at Normal Atmospheric Pressure
6.4.3 - Surgical Procedure
6.4.4 - Electron Microscopic Analysis of Ultrastructural Changes in the Low-Temperature Plasma-Treated Skin and in the Elec...
6.4.5 - Immunoelectron Microscopy of Galectins in the Membrane-Like Structure of Plasma-Treated Healing Skin Wounds
6.4.6 - Galectin Expression in the Electronical Coagulator Versus Plasma-Treated Healing Skin Wound
Chapter 6.5 - Evaluating the Invasiveness of Nonthermal Plasma Treatment Using Molecular Imaging Technique
6.5.2 - Molecular Imaging
6.5.3 - Nuclear Medical Imaging of Inflammation
6.5.4 - Comparison of Inflammation After Hemostasis Between Nonthermal Plasma and High-Frequency Coagulator in Mice
6.5.5 - Effect of Anticoagulant Drugs on Hemostasis With Nonthermal Plasma In Vivo
6.5.6 - Comparison of Inflammation After Hemostasis After Using Nonthermal Plasma or High-Frequency Coagulator in Minipig
Chapter 6.6 - Molecular Dissection of Biological Effects for Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Differentiation Treated by Low-Temperature Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma (APP)
6.6.1 - Embryonic Stem Cells and Embryoid Body Formation From ES Cells
6.6.2 - Extrinsic Signals Regulating the States of ES/iPS Cells and Reactive Oxygen Species Regulating Signals
6.6.3 - Negligible Effect of Direct APP-Irradiation on Mouse ES Cells
6.6.4 - Estimation of Active Species’ Quantities Generated in APP-Irradiated Medium
6.6.5 - Effects of APP-Irradiated Medium on Proliferation of Mouse ES Cells
6.6.6 - Effects of APP-Irradiated Medium on Differentiation of Mouse ES Cells
Chapter 6.7 - Cutting-Edge Studies on the Regeneration of Neural Tissue After Plasma Treatment
6.7.2 - Plasma and Cell Proliferation in the Brain
6.7.3 - RADICALS, Reactive Oxygen Species
6.7.5 - Conclusion and Expect to Plasma Medicine
Chapter 6.8 - Innovation in Wound Care Using Cold Atmospheric Plasma Technology
6.8.2 - Necessity of Wound Care
6.8.3 - Plasma Device Used for the Clinical Study Microplaster
6.8.4 - Clinical Trials Led By the Max-Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
Chapter 6.9 - Applying Plasma Technology Fornitric Oxide (NO) Generation in Clinical Practices
6.9.3 - Inhaled No Therapy
6.9.4 - Physiological Behavior of No in in vivo
6.9.5 - NO and Ischemic Heart Diseases
Chapter 6.10 - Plasma Technologies for the Development of Innovative Orthopedic Materials
6.10.2 - Conventional Plasma-Based calcium phosphate (CaP) Coating Techniques
6.10.3 - Plasma-Assisted Biomimetic CaP Coating Techniques
6.10.4 - Laser-Plasma-Assisted Biomimetic CaP Coating Techniques
Chapter 7 - Safety and Standardization Toward Clinical Applications
Chapter 7.1 - Introduction
Chapter 7.2 - General Concepts of Basic Safety on Plasma Treatment
7.2.1 - Risk Assessment, Risk Communication, Risk Management
7.2.2 - Effects of Plasma Irradiation on the Skin of Mice
7.2.3 - Effects of Plasma-Activated Medium
Chapter 7.3 - Application of Transgenic Mice to Analyze Genotoxic Effects Caused by Nonthermal Atmospheric Air Plasma
7.3.2 - rpsL-Transgenic Mice to Examine Somatic Mutation
7.3.4 - Mutation Analysis of Plasma-Treated Mouse Spleen Cells
7.3.5 - Analysis of Biological Effects of Plasma on Mouse Skin
Chapter 7.4 - International Standardization
7.4.1 - IEC Specifications for the Medical Equipment
7.4.2 - Protection from Hazards and the Necessity of Standards for Medical Equipment
7.4.3 - New Standard on Low-energy Ionized-gas Hemostasis Equipment
Chapter 7.5 - CE marking for medical device
Chapter 8 Future Outlooks in Plasma Medical Science
8.2 - “Plasma Medical Innovation” project as a driving force for creating a novel academic field of Plasma Medical Science
8.3 - Emerging Plasma Medical Science and Medical Innovation
Plasma Medical Science
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