Chapter
Preface to the Second Edition
Chapter 2: Effective Environmental Impact Assessment System: The Need for an Integrated Holistic Approach
2.2 Status of EIA Systems in Developing Countries
2.3 Concepts of Effective EIA Systems
2.4 Development of a Conceptual Framework to Evaluate EIA System
2.4.1 Institutional Control (Administrative and Legislative) Approach
2.4.2 Decision-Making and Quality of EIS Approach
2.4.3 Contextual Approach
2.4.4 Social System Approach
2.5 The Proposed Framework
2.6 Key Areas and Criteria for Evaluating the EIA System
2.6.1 Institutional Framework of the EIA System
2.6.3 Implementation of Mitigation Measures
2.6.4 Use of Criteria to Evaluate the EIA System
2.8 Evolution of the EIA System in Bangladesh
2.9 Status of the EIA System in Bangladesh
Appendix A Checklist/criteria
Chapter 3: Institutional Framework of the Environmental Impact Assessment System
3.2 Institutional Set Up of EIA: The United States as the Context
3.3 Legal Arrangements for the EIA System
3.3.1 The Constitution of Bangladesh
3.3.2 National Environmental Policy
3.3.3 National Environmental Management Action Plan
3.3.4 The National Conservation Strategy
3.3.5 National Biodiversity Action Plan
3.3.6 Environmental Conservation Act
3.3.7 Environmental Conservation Rules
3.3.8 International Conventions, Treaties, and Protocols
3.4 Administrative/Organizational Framework of EIA
3.4.1 Ministry of Environment and Forest
3.4.2 National Environmental Committee
3.4.3 Planning Commission
3.4.4 Department of Environment
3.5 EIA Process and Administrative Procedure
3.5.2 Initial Environmental Examination
3.6 The Methodologies of Impact Identification and Assessment
3.7 Review of EIA Reports and Issuance of ECC
3.8 Penalties for Noncompliance of ECC
3.9 Strengths and Weaknesses of Institutional Arrangements of EIA in Bangladesh
3.9.1 Strengths of the Legal Provisions
3.9.2 Strengths of the Administrative Arrangements of EIA
3.9.3 Weaknesses of the Institutional Arrangements of EIA
3.9.4 Weaknesses of the Administrative Arrangements of EIA
Chapter 4: The Quality of Environmental Impact Statements
4.2 Review Package for Assessing the Quality of EISs
4.3 Description of Review Criteria
4.5 Assessment Procedures
4.6 EIS Rating Process: The United States as the Context
4.7 Overall Quality of EISs in Bangladesh
4.8 Quality of EISs by Area
4.8.1 Area 1: Description of Development and Baseline Conditions
4.8.1.2 The Limitations of the EIA Study
4.8.2 Area 2: Identification and Evaluation of Key Impacts
4.8.2.2 Identification of Impacts
4.8.2.3 Prediction of Impacts
4.8.2.4 Lack of Adequate Assessment of Social Impacts
4.8.2.5 Assessment of Impact Significance
4.8.2.6 Community Involvement
4.8.3 Area 3: Mitigation and Monitoring
4.8.3.1 Analysis of Alternative
4.8.3.2 Mitigation Measures for Social Impact Assessment
4.8.3.3 Monitoring Program
4.8.4 Area 4: Communication and Presentation of an EIS
4.8.4.1 Recommendations by the EISs
4.8.4.2 Understandability
4.9 Factors Influencing the Quality of EISs
4.9.1 Shortage of Study Time
4.9.2 Inadequate Baseline Data and Access to Data
4.9.3 Attitude of Consultants and Proponents
4.9.4 Lack of EIA Experts
4.9.5 Defective Service Procurement Process
4.9.6 Lack of Adequate Funds
Appendix 4.1: List of EISs of Projects Reviewed
Appendix 4.2: A Sample of Collation Sheet
Appendix 4.3: Summary Results of the Quality of 30 EISs
Chapter 5: Evaluating Social Impact Assessment
5.1.1 Conceptualizing SIA: Origin, Evolution, and Definition
5.1.2 Recent Conceptual and Methodological Advances in SIA
5.3 Areas of SIA (Vanclay, 2003)
5.4 Institutionalizing SIA in Bangladesh
5.4.1 Legal Framework of SIA
5.4.2 Organizational Framework of SIA
5.4.3 Status of SIA in Nongovernmental Organizations and Development Partners
5.5 Performance of the Bangladesh SIA System
5.5.1 Examples of Some Recent SIA of Major Projects in Bangladesh
5.6 Discussion and Recommendations
5.6.1 Adequacy of Legislative Arrangement of SIA
5.6.2 Adequacy of Administrative Arrangement
5.6.3 Adequacy of SIA Practice
5.6.4 Adequacy of Foundational Measures in the Bangladesh SIA System
5.6.5 Review of EIA and SIA
Appendix 5.1: Reports reviewed for the quality of SIA in Bangladesh
Appendix 5.2: Coding protocol for evaluating SIAs
Chapter 6: Evaluating Community Participation in Environmental Impact Assessment
6.1 Introduction and Background
6.2 Conceptualising CP: Origin, Definition, and Evolution
6.2.1 Community Participation in NEPA 1969
6.2.1.1 Code of Federal Regulation (CFR) 40 CFR 1506.6—Public Involvement
6.2.2 Community Participation in Agenda 21
6.2.4 Community Participation in IAIA Guidelines
6.3 Community Participation in Bangladesh
6.3.1 Legal Framework of Community Participation
6.3.2 Community Consultation in EIA/SIA Guidelines
6.4 Community Participation in EIA and SIA: Two Case Studies
6.4.1 Case Study 1: Community Participation in Jamuna Bridge Construction
6.4.2 Case Study 2: Community Participation in Khulna Jessor Drainage Rehabilitation Project
6.5 Lessons Learnt From Bangladesh Experience
6.5.1 Community Participation Is Well Established in Guidelines
6.5.2 Community Participation Played a Role in Decision-Making
6.5.3 Community Participation and Involvement Created Sense of Ownership and Resulted in Better Cooperation
6.5.4 NGOs Can Play an Important Role in Organising Local People for Involvement in Decision-Making Process
6.5.5 Donor Agencies Should Be Given a Supervisory Role
Chapter 7: Implementation of Mitigation Measures: EIA Practice at Post-EIS Stage
7.2 Case Study I: Khulna-Jessore Drainage Rehabilitation Project
7.2.1 Location of the Project and Environment of Project Area
7.2.3 Potential Environmental and Social Impacts
7.2.4 Proposed Mitigation Measures
7.2.5 The Status of Implemented Mitigation Measures
7.2.5.1 Implementation of TRM Option
7.2.5.2 Protection of Open Water Fish Habitat From Loss
7.2.5.3 Management of Disposal of Dredged Materials
7.2.5.4 Protection of Bhadra and Hamkuri Rivers From Dying
7.2.5.5 Mitigation Measures for Shrimp Culture
7.2.5.6 Land Acquisition and Compensation
7.2.5.7 Implementation of Other Mitigation Measures
7.2.6 Implementation of Monitoring Program
7.2.7 Community Participation
7.3 Case Study II: Jamuna Multipurpose Bridge Project
7.3.1 Project Description
7.3.2 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment of JMBP
7.3.3 Proposed Mitigation Measures
7.3.4 Status of Implemented Mitigation Measures
7.3.4.1 Protection of Aquatic Biodiversity
7.3.4.2 Increase Fish Production to Offset the Loss of Fish Stock
7.3.4.3 Protection of Wildlife From Loss
7.3.4.4 Plantation of Trees in the Project Area
7.3.4.5 Resettlement and Restoration of Livelihood for Displaced People
7.3.4.6 Implementation of Other Major Mitigation Measures
7.3.5 Implementation of Monitoring Program
7.3.6 Community Participation
7.4 Case Study III: Meghnaghat Power Plant Project
7.4.1 Project Description
7.4.2 Environmental and Social Impacts of MPPP
7.4.3 Proposed Mitigation Measures
7.4.4 Status of Implemented Mitigation Measures
7.4.4.1 Protection of Terrestrial and Aquatic Habitat From Loss
7.4.4.2 Control of Noise Pollution
7.4.4.3 Air Quality Management
7.4.4.4 Management of Hot Water Discharged Into the Meghna River
7.4.4.5 Management of Solid and Liquid wastes
7.4.4.6 Plantation of Trees in the Project Area
7.4.4.7 Involuntary Resettlement and Compensation for Land Acquisition
7.4.4.8 Management of River Water Quality
7.4.5 Implementation of Monitoring Program
7.4.6 Community Participation
7.5 EIA Practice at Post-EIS Stage: Overall Environmental Management Performance of the Three Projects
7.5.1 Implementation of Mitigation Measures of Three Projects
7.6 Update on the Three Projects
7.6.1 Jamuna Multipurpose Bridge
7.6.2 Khulna-Jessore Drainage Rehabilitation Project
7.6.3 Meghnaghat Power Plant Project
Chapter 8: Evaluating Environmental and Social Impact Assessment: Framework for Effective EIA System
8.2 Institutional Arrangements for the EIA System in Bangladesh
8.4 Consideration of Social Issues in Impact Assessment
8.5 Community Participation in EIA and SIA
8.6 EIA Practice at the Post-EIS Stage: Implementation of Mitigation Measures
8.7 Overall Status of the EIA System in Bangladesh
8.8 Proposed Framework of an Effective EIA System
8.9 Conclusion to the Research Problem: An Effective EIA System for Bangladesh
8.10.1 Improvement in Institutional Arrangements
8.10.2 Improvement in the Quality of EISs
8.10.3 Improvement in the Implementation of Mitigation Measures
Evaluating Environmental and Social Impact Assessment in Developing Countries
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