Front Cover

Cerebral Lateralization and Cognition: Evolutionary and Developmental Investigations of Behavioral Biases

Copyright

Contributors

Contents

Introduction

1. Behavioral Biases in Evolution

2. Behavioral Biases in Development

3. Behavioral Biases as a Foundation for Cognition

4. In This Volume

References

Short Biographies

Section 1: Behavioral biases in animals

Chapter 1: Insights into the evolution of lateralization from the insects

1. Introduction

2. Lateralization in the Insects

2.1. Behavioral and Motor Lateralization

2.2. Sensory Lateralization

2.3. Lateralization in Feeding Behavior

2.4. Lateralization in Interactions

2.4.1. Aggressive interactions

2.4.2. Mating

2.5. Learning, Memory, and Lateralization

3. What Advantages Does Lateralization Confer?

3.1. The Evolution of Individual and Population-Level Lateralization

3.2. Evidence for the Benefits and Costs of Lateralization in Insects

4. Social Interactions, Behavioral Modularity, and the Evolution of Lateralization

4.1. Social Environments Promote Population-Level Behavioral Lateralization

4.2. Specificity of Lateralized Behaviors

4.3. Are There Alternative Explanations for the Evolution of Lateralization?

5. Common Origin or Independent Evolution?

5.1. Origins of Lateralization in the Insects

5.2. Is There a Common Origin of Insect and Vertebrate Lateralization?

6. Conclusion

Acknowledgments

References

Further Reading

Chapter 2: Motor asymmetries in fishes, amphibians, and reptiles

1. The Occurrence of Motor Asymmetries in Lower Vertebrates

1.1. Limb Preferences in Fishes, Amphibians, and Reptiles

1.2. Turning in Fish as a Model Behavior in the Study of Lateralization

2. Evolutionary Perspectives on Motor Asymmetries: Proximate and Ultimate Causes of Motoric Lateralization

2.1. The Occurrence of Lateralized Behaviors in Lower Vertebrates and the Tricky Phylogeny of Motoric Lateralization

References

Chapter 3: A review of performance asymmetries in hand skill in nonhuman primates with a special emphasis on chimpanzees

1. Introduction

2. Grasping Morphology and Hand Use

3. Intermanual Differences in Motor Skill or Performance

3.1. Grasping Performance

3.2. Tool Use

3.3. Brinkman Board Task

3.4. Bent Wire or Lifesaver Task

3.5. Joystick Manipulation

3.6. Bimanual Feeding

3.7. Quantifying Handedness Preference (the QHP Task)

4. Discussion

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 4: Manual bias, behavior, and cognition in common marmosets and other primates

1. Introduction

2. Performance Differences Between Left- and Right-Handed Primates

2.1. Exploration

2.2. Social Behavior

2.3. Cognitive Bias

2.4. Fear and Stress Responses

2.5. Learning

3. Absence of Differences Between Left- and Right-Handed Primates

4. Strength of Hand Preference

5. Associations Between Hand Preference and Neuroanatomy

6. General Discussion

References

Chapter 5: Mother and offspring lateralized social behavior across mammalian species

1. Introduction

1.1. Infant Cradling/Holding Bias in Humans and Nonhuman Primates

1.2. When Left Is Right: Lateral Preferences in Mother and Infant in Relation to Brain Lateralization

1.3. An Evolutionary Perspective on Lateralized Mother-Infant Relationships in Primates

2. Lateralization of Infants Perception of Mother

2.1. Approaches to Investigating Lateralized Infants’ Behavior

2.2. Infants’ Lateral Position Preferences

2.3. Lateralized Suckling Position

2.4. Potential Confounding Factors

2.5. Right Hemisphere Advantage for an Infant's Perception of Their Mother

3. Lateralization of Mothers’ Perception of Infant

3.1. Maternal Preferences for the Lateral Position Favoring Right Hemisphere Processing

3.2. Factors Affecting Lateralization in Mothers

4. Costs and Benefits of Lateralized Mother-Infant Interactions

4.1. Advantages of Greater Right Hemisphere Involvement for Mother and Infant

4.2. Spatial Conflict Between Mother an Infant

4.3. Differential Lateralization in Sons and Daughters

5. Conclusion

Acknowledgments

References

Further Reading

Section 2: Behavioral biases in humans

Chapter 6: Speech lateralization and motor control

1. Introduction

2. Speech Lateralization

2.1. Sex Differences in Speech Lateralization

2.2. Developmental Patterns of Speech Lateralization

3. Motor Lateralization

3.1. Developmental Patterns of Motor Lateralization

3.2. Measurement and Classification

3.3. Preference Measures

3.4. Performance Measures

4. Associations Between Speech and Motor Laterality

4.1. Neuropsychological Evidence

4.2. Developmental Evidence

4.3. Neurodevelopmental Evidence

4.4. Neurophysiological Evidence

4.5. Neurobiological Evidence

4.6. Genetic Considerations

5. A Model for Praxis and Speech

6. Summary

References

Further Reading

Chapter 7: Handedness and cognitive ability: Using meta-analysis to make sense of the data

1. Introduction

2. Importance of Understanding Whether a Relationship Between Handedness and Cognitive Ability Exists

3. Sources of Discrepancy in the Literature

3.1. Cognitive Ability vs Intelligence: Issues of Definition and Measurement

3.2. Conceptualization and Measurement of Handedness

3.3. Sample Size and Participant Characteristics

3.4. Section Summary

4. Theories Linking Handedness With Cognitive Ability

5. The Meta-analytic Method

6. Meta-analysis of General Population Studies on the Relationship Between Handedness and Cognitive Ability

6.1. Handedness and Verbal and Spatial Ability

6.2. Handedness and Intelligence Measured via Full-Scale IQ

7. Meta-analysis of Studies With Special Populations

8. Summary and Conclusions

References

Chapter 8: Atypical structural and functional motor networks in autism

1. Cerebral Lateralization

1.1. Introduction

1.2. Evolutionary Perspective

1.3. Origins: Genetic and Environmental Factors

2. Altered Motor Behavior in Autism Spectrum Disorder

2.1. Early Motor Development

2.2. Gross Motor Disturbance

2.2.1. Gait

2.2.2. Posture

2.3. Fine Motor Disturbance

3. Handedness and Autism Spectrum Disorder

3.1. Developmental Origins

3.2. Handedness in Autism Spectrum Disorder

4. Structural Lateralization and Autism Spectrum Disorder

4.1. Developmental Origins

4.2. Altered Structural Lateralization in Autism Spectrum Disorder

5. Functional Lateralization and Autism Spectrum Disorder

5.1. Developmental Origins

5.2. Altered Functional Lateralization in Autism Spectrum Disorder

6. Conclusion

References

Chapter 9: Lateralization of the expression of facial emotion in humans

1. Right Hemisphere Emotion Lateralization

2. Hemifacial Asymmetries in Emotional Expressivity

3. Humans Are Intuitively Aware of the Left Cheek’s Greater Expressivity

4. Summary and Conclusions

References

Further Reading

Chapter 10: Split-brain patients: Visual biases for faces

1. Split-Brain Patients

1.1. The Callosal Disconnection Syndrome

2. Human Faces as Special Stimuli

2.1. Hemispheric Asymmetry for Faces in the Disconnected Brain

2.2. Emotions as Viewed by a Disconnected Brain

2.3. Subliminal Emotions and the Disconnected Brain

3. Conclusions

References

Further Reading

Section 3: Methodological considerations

Chapter 11: Manual laterality and cognition through evolution: An archeological perspective

1. Introduction

1.1. Laterality in the Animal Kingdom

1.2. Evolution of Laterality and Cognition

1.3. Variety of Lateralities

2. Evolution of Laterality: The Data

2.1. Integrating Multiple Lines of Evidence

3. Colaterality: Is Handedness a Valuable Proxy?

3.1. Large-Sample Studies on Hemispheric Lateralization and Hand Preference

3.2. Contextualizing Colaterality: Additional Evidence

4. Discussion

Acknowledgments

References

Further Reading

Chapter 12: Cognitive archeology, body cognition, and hand–tool interaction

1. Paleoneurology and Endocranial Asymmetries

2. Parietal Lobes and Visuospatial Evolution

3. Haptic Cognition and Cognitive Extension

4. Touching Stones: Hands and Emotion

4.1. Hand Morphology

4.2. Electrodermal Activity

5. Perspectives in Haptic Cognition and Cognitive Archeology

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 13: Evolution and development of handedness: An Evo–Devo approach

1. Introduction

2. Evolutionary Theory: How the EES Differs From the Conventional Synthetic Theory

2.1. Evolutionary Theory: Natural Selection

2.2. Evolutionary Theory: Adaptation

2.3. Evolutionary Theory: The Role of Genes in Evolution and Development

2.4. Evolutionary Theory: Inheritance Holism

3. Evo–Devo: Contrasts Between ST and EES in Developmental Theory

3.1. Evo–Devo: A ST Account of Primate Handedness

3.2. Evo–Devo: The Evo–Devo Approach to Development

4. Relations of EES and Evo–Devo to Handedness

5. An Evo–Devo Approach to the Study of Human Handedness

5.1. Development of Human Handedness During Infancy

6. Handedness and Cognition

7. Conclusions

References

Section 4: Cerebral lateralization and behavioral biases as a foundation for higher cognitive function

Chapter 14: A comparative perspective on lateral biases and social behavior

1. Introduction

1.1. Cerebral Lateralization and Associated Motor Biases

1.2. Cerebral Lateralization as a Foundation for Higher Cognitive Function

2. Lateralized Visual Biases

2.1. Nonhuman Animals

2.2. Humans

3. Left Lateralized Biases in the Natural World

3.1. Social Hand Dominance

3.2. Social Positioning

3.2.1. Comparative social positioning with offspring

3.2.2. The human left cradling bias

4. Lateral Biases and Cognition

4.1. Lateral Biases in Early Social Development

4.2. Motor Biases as a Marker of Cognitive Ability

5. Disrupted Motor Biases and Social Cognition

5.1. Deprivation

5.2. Stress and Depression

5.3. Autism

6. Conclusions

References

Further Reading

Chapter 15: Sensorimotor lateralization scaffolds cognitive specialization

1. Introduction

2. Cerebral Lateralization for Visuomotor Control (Left Hemisphere)

2.1. Defining ``Handedness”

2.2. Behavioral Distinctions According to Task and Actor Intent

2.3. Neuroimaging Perspectives

3. Cerebral Lateralization for Visuomotor Control and Its Relationship to Language

3.1. Motor Outcomes of Language and Manual Interactions

3.2. Lateralization Mediates Development

3.3. Neuroimaging Perspectives

3.4. Summary

4. Cerebral Lateralization for Visuomotor Control and Its Relationship to Executive Function (and Musical Training)

4.1. Defining Executive Function

4.2. Lifelong Coordination of EF and Motor Control

4.3. Let Us Talk About EF: The Role of Lateralization in Language and EF

4.4. ``Executive” Functional Magnetic Imaging

4.5. Functional Music: The Effect of Musical Training on EF and Language

5. Cerebral Lateralization for Haptic Control (Right Hemisphere)

5.1. Behavioral Evidence of Right-Hemisphere Haptic Advantage

6. Cerebral Lateralization for Haptic Control and Its Relationship to Spatial (and Numerical) Abilities

6.1. How to Test What You Cannot See

6.2. Numerical Processing Notes

7. Conclusion and Future Directions

References

Further Reading

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