Chapter
1 Introduction to Sustainable Water Management
1.1 Water Resources Engineering Solutions for a Variable Climate
1.2 Drought Indices and Impacts
1.3 Recycling of Domestic Wastewater Treated by Wetlands for Irrigation
1.4 Constructed Wetlands and Ponds Treating Urban Wastewater
1.5 Dye Wastewater Treatment
1.6 Integration of Trees into Sustainable Drainage Systems
1.7 Sustainable Flood Retention Basins
1.8 Conclusions and Recommendations
2 Reconnaissance Drought Index
2.1.2 Rationale, Aim and Objectives
2.2.1 Representative Case Study Region
2.2.3 Reconnaissance Drought Index
2.3 Results and Discussion
2.3.1 Long-term Changes of Meteorological Data
2.3.2 Reconnaissance Drought Index as a Climate Index
2.3.3 Drought and Aridity Trends
2.4 Conclusions and Recommendations
3 Hydrologic Anomalies Coupled With Drought Impact for a River Flow Regime
3.2.1 Example Basin and Data
3.2.2 Combined Effect of Anthropogenic Pressures and Drought
3.3 Results and Discussion
3.3.1 Altered to Unaltered Annual Flow Ratio
3.3.2 Annual Flow Anomaly
3.3.3 Monthly Flow Anomaly
3.3.4 Annual Extreme Conditions
3.3.5 Temporal Percentiles
3.3.6 Validation of Hydrologic Alteration
3.3.7 Flow Available for the Downstream Country
3.4 Conclusions and Recommendations
4 Mineral and Biological Contamination of Soil and Crops Irrigated With Recycled Domestic Wastewater
4.2.1 Experimental Set-Up and Operation
4.2.2 Water, Soil, and Crop Quality Analysis
4.2.3 Environmental Monitoring
4.3 Results and Discussion
4.3.1 Comparison of Irrigation Water Qualities
4.3.2 Soil Quality Analysis
4.3.2.1 Comparison of Soil pH and Redox Potential
4.3.2.2 Comparison of Soil Salinity
4.3.2.3 Soil Mineral Content
4.3.2.4 Soil Microbial Content
4.3.3 Crop Quality and Analysis
4.3.3.1 Crop Mineral Content
4.3.3.2 Crop Microbial Content
4.3.3.3 Crop Production Practice and Marketable Yield Assessment
4.4 Conclusions and Recommendations
5 Recycling of Domestic Wastewater Treated by Wetlands for Irrigation of Two Crop Generations
5.1.2 Constructed Wetlands
5.1.3 Recycling of Treated Wastewater for Irrigation
5.2 Materials and Methods
5.2.1 Wetland System and Operation
5.2.2 Analysis of Irrigation Water Quality
5.2.3 Environmental Monitoring
5.2.4 Growing and Assessing of Crops
5.2.5 Data Assessment, Analysis, and Limitations
5.3 Results and Discussion
5.3.2.1 Irrigation Water Quality Comparisons
5.3.2.2 Crop Growth Comparisons and Yield Quality Assessment
5.4 Conclusions and Recommendations
6 Comparative Study of Domestic Wastewater Treatment by Wetlands and Ponds
6.2 Materials and Methods
6.2.1 Vertical-Flow Constructed Wetland Set-Up
6.2.2 Artificial Pond Set-Ups
6.2.3 Operation Methods for Wetlands and Ponds
6.2.4 Water Quality Analysis
6.2.5 Statistical Analysis
6.3 Results and Discussion
6.3.1 Inflow Water Quality
6.3.2 Outflow Water Quality
6.3.2.1 Overall Water Quality
6.3.2.2 Comparison of Chemical Oxygen Demand
6.3.2.3 Comparison of Biochemical Oxygen Demand
6.3.2.4 Comparison of Ammonia-Nitrogen
6.3.2.5 Comparison of Nitrate-Nitrogen
6.3.2.6 Comparison of Ortho-Phosphate-Phosphorous
6.3.2.7 Comparison of Particles
6.4 Conclusions and Recommendations
7 Graywater Treatment Using Pelletized Mine Water Sludge
7.2 Materials and Methods
7.2.3 Trace Element Analysis
7.2.4 Synthetic Graywater
7.2.5 Experimental Set-Up
7.2.5.2 Mesocosm-Scale Experiments
7.2.6 Sampling and Chemical Analysis
7.2.7 Statistical Analysis
7.3 Results and Discussion
7.3.1 Ochre Characterization
7.3.2 Inflow Graywater Quality
7.3.3 Outflow Graywater Quality
7.3.3.1 Removal of Ortho-Phosphate-Phosphorus
7.3.3.2 Minerals and Trace Elements in Graywater
7.3.3.3 Accumulation of Trace Elements in Ochre Pellets
7.4 Conclusions and Recommendations
8 Dye Wastewater Treatment by Vertical-Flow Constructed Wetlands
8.2 Materials and Methods
8.2.1 Wetland Rig and Operation
8.2.2 Wetland Filter Set-Up
8.2.3 Experimental and Statistical Analysis
8.3 Results and Discussion
8.3.2 Plant Growth Assessment
8.3.3 Dissolved Oxygen and Redox Potential
8.3.4 Electrical Conductivity, Total Suspended Solids, and Turbidity
8.3.6 Dye Removal and Chemical Oxygen Demand Removal
8.4 Conclusions and Recommendations
9 Shallow Pond Systems Planted With Duckweed Treating Azo Dyes
9.2 Materials and Methods
9.2.2 Experimental Set-Up Phases
9.2.3 Environmental Boundary Conditions
9.2.4 Water Quality Analysis
9.3 Results and Discussion
9.3.1 Inflow Water Quality
9.3.2 Comparison of Outflow Water Quality
9.3.4 Chemical Oxygen Demand Removal
9.4 Conclusions and Recommendations
10 Tree Species for Supporting Sustainable Water Management in Urban Areas in Temperate Climate
10.1.3 Aim, Objectives, and Significance
10.2.2 Tree Damage Data Collection
10.2.3 Tree Damage Assessment Method
10.3 Results and Discussion
10.3.3 Damage to Structures Linked to Tree Diameter and Distance
10.3.3.2 Permeable Pavement
10.3.3.3 Impermeable Pavement
10.3.3.5 Other Structures
10.4 Conclusions and Recommendations
11 Classifying Adaptive Sustainable Flood Retention Basins
11.2.3 Classification Algorithms
11.3 Results and Discussion
11.3.1 Experiments on Feature Selection
11.3.2 Classification Results
11.3.3 Experimental Validation
11.4 Conclusions and Recommendations
12 Predicting Dam Failure Risk for Sustainable Flood Retention Basins
12.2.1 Sustainable Flood Retention Basins
12.2.2 Dam Failure Estimation Methods
12.3.1 Sustainable Flood Retention Basin Data Selection
12.3.4 Sustainable Flood Retention Basin Type Determination Using Clustering
12.4.1 Sustainable Flood Retention Basin Input Data Selection
12.4.4 Sustainable Flood Retention Basin Type and Associated Risk Determination
12.5.1 Model Evaluation and Output
12.5.2 Basin Types and Risks
12.5.3 Benefits and Drawbacks
12.6 Conclusions and Recommendations
Sustainable Water Treatment
：Engineering Solutions for a Variable Climate
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