Description
Exhibiting a wealth of interesting activities and novel structures, Boswellic acid and the other terpenoids of the genus Boswellia (from which frankincense is derived) are a growing source of interest for the natural product drug discovery community. Chemistry and Bioactivity of Boswellic Acids and Other Terpenoids of the Genus Boswellia presents, in a single volume for the first time, key research into their structures, synthesis and potential as starting points for the development of medicinal agents.
Drawing on the authors’ expert knowledge, this volume is an interesting insight into the identification of novel compounds from endemic plant sources, and is a useful tool for all researchers involved in the discovery and development of bioactive structures from natural products.
- Collates key information on the underlying chemistry and activities of bioactive agents from the Boswellia species
- Highlights techniques applicable to the study of natural products across the globe
- Provides insights into the assessment of medicinal natural products with high economic potential
Chapter
1 Taxonomy of Boswellia Tree, Traditional Medicinal Uses of Frankincense and Historical Aspects of Boswellic Acids
1.1 Taxonomy of Boswellia Tree
1.2 Traditional Medicinal Uses
1.3 Historical Aspects of Boswellic Acids
2 Chemistry of Boswellic Acids and Other Terpenoids
2.1.1 Synthetic Derivatives of Boswellic Acids
2.1.2 Biotransformation of Boswellic Acids
2.1.3 Biological Activities of Semi-Synthetic Boswellic Acids
2.1.3.1 Anticancer Activity
2.1.3.2 Antiinflammatory Activity
2.2 Ursane and Oleanane Triterpenes
2.3 Tirucallane-Type Triterpenes
2.4 Lupane-Type Triterpenes
2.5 Dammarane Triterpenes
2.6 Cembrene Diterpenoids
2.6.1 Total Synthesis of Cembrene Diterpenoids
2.6.1.1 Yue’s Total Synthesis of Cembrene A
2.6.1.2 Kadoma’s Total Synthesis of Cembrene A
2.6.1.3 Takayanagi’s Total Synthesis of Cembrene A
2.6.1.4 Shimada’s Total Synthesis of Cembrene A and (−)-(3Z)-Cembrene A
2.6.1.5 Wender’s Total Synthesis of (−)-(3Z)-Cembrene A
2.6.1.6 Dauben’s Total Synthesis of (±)-Cembrene
2.6.1.7 Kato’s Total Synthesis of Isoincensole Oxide and Incensole
2.7 Verticillane-Type Diterpenoids
2.9 Biosynthesis of Terpenoids Isolated From Boswellia Species
3 Biological Activities of Boswellic Acids
3.1 Anticancer Activity of Boswellic Acids
3.1.1 Effects on Colorectal Cancer
3.1.2 Effects on Pancreatic Cancer
3.1.3 Effects on Prostate Cancer
3.1.4 Effects on Leukemia
3.1.6 Effects on Other Types of Cancer
3.1.6.5 Melanoma and Fibrosarcoma
3.1.7 Effects on Cancer Multidrug Resistance (MDR)
3.2 Antiinflammatory Activity of Boswellic Acids
3.2.1 Effects on Mediators of Inflammation
3.2.1.4 Human Leukocyte Elastase (HLE)
3.2.2 Effects on Immune Defense
3.2.2.1 Complement System
3.2.3 Therapeutic Effects in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
3.3 Molecular Targets of Boswellic Acids
3.4 Pharmacokinetics of Boswellic Acids
3.5 Antiangiogenic Activity of Boswellic Acids
3.6 Antiulcer Activity of Boswellic Acids
3.7 Antigenotoxic Activity of Boswellic Acids
3.8 Usefulness of Boswellic Acids in the Treatment of Skin Diseases
3.9 Antibacterial and Biofilm Inhibitory Activities of Boswellic Acids
3.10 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Inhibition by Boswellic Acids
4 Biological Activities of Boswellia Extract
4.1 Antiarthritic Activity
4.2 Antibacterial Activity
4.3 Antitrypanosomal Activity
4.5 Treatment for Collagenous Colitis
4.6 Antidiarrheal Activity
4.8 Hepatoprotective Activity
4.9 Effects on Memory and Intelligence
4.10 Antiinflammatory, Analgesic and Antinociceptive Activities
4.11 Miscellaneous Activities
4.12 Adverse Effects and Tolerability
5 Frankincense in Modern Medicine
5.1 Historical Aspects of Clinical Trials Using Frankincense
5.2 Clinical Trials Using Frankincense
Chemistry and Bioactivity of Boswellic Acids and Other Terpenoids of the Genus Boswellia
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