Chapter
2.1.2 Methods and Approach
2.1.2.1 CO2 Emissions From Fossil Fuel
2.1.2.2 CO2 Emissions From the Land-Use Change (ELUC)
2.1.2.4 CO2 Absorption by Terrestrial Vegetation and the Earth
2.1.2.5 Calculation of the Growth Rate of the Atmospheric CO2 Concentration (GATM)
2.1.3 Results and Discussion
2.1.3.1 CO2 Emissions From Fossil Fuels, Land-Use Change, and Other Factors
2.1.3.2 Ocean and Terrestrial Vegetation CO2 Sinks
2.1.3.3 Cumulative CO2 Emissions and Atmospheric Impact
2.2.2 Current Knowledge of Emerging Contaminant Occurrence in Wastewaters and Surface Waters
2.2.3 Factors Which Influence Receiving Wastewater Concentration
2.2.4 Spatial Distribution
2.2.6 Interday Variability
2.2.7 Partitioning of Emerging Contaminants to Solid Matter during Wastewater Treatment
2.2.8 River Sediments and Amended Soils
2.2.9 Diagnosis of Emerging Contaminant Removal During Wastewater Treatment
2.3.1 Background and Introduction
2.3.2 Root Cause Analysis for Land-Use Change
2.3.3 Spatial Processes and Spatial Pattern Identification
2.3.5 Critical Processes Affecting Land Use and Land Management
2.3.7 Civil Strife and Insecurity
2.3.8 Income Diversification and Urbanization
2.3.9 Environmental Change Impact
2.6.3 Internal Forcing Mechanisms
2.6.4 Thermohaline Circulation
2.6.5 Effects on Global Climate
2.6.6 External Climate Forcing
2.6.8 The Great Oxygenation Event
2.6.10 Climate Change Evidence
2.6.11 Temperature Measurements and Proxies
2.6.13 Arctic Sea Ice Loss
2.6.15 Forest Genetic Resources
2.6.16 Cloud Cover and Precipitation
3.1.1.2 Environmental Impact
3.1.2.3 Production Engineering
3.1.2.7 Underground Mining
3.1.2.8 Environmental Impact
3.1.2.9 Land and Surroundings
3.1.2.14 Radiation Introduction
3.1.3.3 Production Engineering
3.1.3.4 Horizontal Drilling
3.1.3.5 Hydraulic Fracturing
3.1.3.6 Deepwater Drilling
3.1.3.9 Environmental Impact
3.1.3.11 Air Contamination
3.1.3.13 Petroleum Slicks
3.1.3.14 Unstable Natural Mixes
3.1.3.15 Environmental Change
3.1.4.5 Production Engineering
3.1.4.6 Environmental Impacts
3.1.4.8 Air Contamination
3.1.5.2 Production Engineering
3.1.5.3 Environmental Impact
3.1.6.2 Production Engineering
3.1.6.4 Heat Energy Generation
3.1.6.6 Reactivity Control
3.1.6.7 Environmental Impact
3.1.6.8 High-Level Radioactive Waste
3.1.6.9 Low-Level Radioactive Waste
3.1.6.10 Deadly Accidents
3.2.1.1 Energy Science and Technology
3.2.1.2 Photovoltaic Assessment
3.2.1.4 MPPT in a PV System
3.2.1.5 Query Table and Curve-Fitting Method
3.2.1.5.1 Open-Circuit Voltage-Based MPPT Technique
3.2.1.5.2 Short-Out Current-Based MPPT Technique
3.2.2.1 Energy Research and Technology
3.2.2.2 Drivetrain Modeling
3.2.2.6 Wind Power Generation
3.2.2.8 Optimum Torque Control
3.2.3.1 Energy Science and Technology
3.2.4.1 Energy Science and Technology
Four - Advanced Building Design
4.1 ENERGY-PRODUCING BUILDING
4.1.1 Background and Technology
4.1.2 Methods and Materials
4.1.2.1 Electromagnetic Waves
4.1.2.2 Motion of an Electron in Electric and Magnetic Fields
4.1.2.3 Impact of Electromagnetic Waves and Motion of Electron on Blackbody Radiation
4.1.2.4 Innovative Building Design and Solar Radiation Capture
4.1.2.5 Energy Conversion by Solar Panel
4.1.3 Results and Discussion
4.1.3.1 Savings on Energy Cost
4.2 INTEGRATED BUILDING DESIGN
4.2.1 Background and Technology
4.2.2 Methods and Materials
4.2.2.1 PV Array Modeling
4.2.2.2 Design of Solar Panel
4.2.2.3 Energy Conversion by Solar Panel
4.2.2.4 Groundwater by Solar Photovoltaic Pumping System
4.2.2.5 Biogas Conversion from Human Feces and Domestic Waste
4.2.3 Results and Discussion
4.2.3.1 Savings on Energy Cost
4.2.3.3 Savings on Energy Cost
4.2.3.5 Savings on Energy Cost
4.3 ENERGY MODELING TO COOL AND HEAT THE BUILDING NATURALLY
4.3.1 Background and Technology
4.3.2 Methods and Simulation
4.3.2.1 Cooling Mechanism
4.3.2.2 Heating Mechanism
4.3.3 Results and Discussion
4.3.3.1 Cooling Mechanism
4.3.3.2 Heating Mechanism
4.4 BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING
4.4.1 BIM Origins and Elements
4.4.1.1 BIM Throughout the Project Life cycle
4.4.1.2 Management of Building Information Models
4.4.1.3 BIM in Construction Management
4.4.1.4 BIM in Facility Operation
4.4.1.5 BIM in Land Administration and Cadastre
4.4.1.7 Nonproprietary or Open BIM Standards
4.4.1.8 Background and Technology
4.4.1.9 Apply Whole Building Design Approach
4.4.2 Use EPA Energy Design Guidance
4.4.3.1 Energy Simulation Solutions
4.4.3.2 The Building Performance Model
4.4.3.3 Energy Simulation Results and Discussions
4.5 SMART BUILDING TECHNOLOGY
4.5.1.3 Controls and Controller
4.5.1.7 Constant Volume Air-Handling Units
4.5.1.8 Variable Volume AHUs
4.5.1.9 AHU Discharge Air Temperature Control
4.5.1.10 VAV Hybrid Systems
4.5.1.12 Chilled Water System
4.5.1.13 Condenser Water System
4.5.1.14 Hot Water System
4.5.1.15 Alarms and Security
4.5.1.16 Information Security
4.6 RESILIENCE IN URBAN AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT
4.6.1 Technology Framework
4.6.3 Institutional Framework
4.6.5 Strategy of the Development of Smart City
4.6.5.1 Strategies for Growth Management
4.6.5.2 Territorial Cohesion
4.6.5.3 Urban Containment and Densification—the Development of a Green Compact City
4.6.6 DISCUSSION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
Five - Infrastructure and Transportation
5.1.1 Background and Technology
5.1.2 Methods and Approaches
5.1.2.2 Permeable Pavement
5.1.2.3 Downspout Disconnection and RainWater Collection
5.1.2.7 Better Approach to Green Management
5.2 INVISIBLE ROADS AND SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
5.2.1 Background and Technology
5.2.2 Simulations and Methods
5.2.2.2 Magnetic Forces of Uplift Levitation and Lateral Guidance
5.2.2.3 Wind Energy Modeling for the Vehicles
5.2.2.4 Wind Energy Storage in Battery System
5.2.2.5 Design of Traffic Control
5.2.3 Results and Discussion
5.2.3.1 Construction Cost Estimate Comparison
5.2.4 Construction Cost Estimate Comparison
5.2.4.1 Cost of Maglev Infrastructure
5.2.4.2 Cost of Traditional Road Infrastructure
5.3 ZERO-EMISSION VEHICLE
5.3.1 Background and Technology
5.3.2 Theoretical Modeling of Wind Energy
5.3.2.1 Drive Train Modeling
5.3.2.3 Wind Energy Conversion
5.3.2.4 Aerodynamic Subsystem
5.3.2.5 Electrical Subsystem
5.3.2.6 Control Structure
5.3.2.7 Wind Turbine Subsystem Control
5.3.2.8 DFIG Subsystem Control
5.3.2.9 Controller Design
5.3.2.10 Generator Modeling
5.3.3 Simulation and Discussion
5.3.3.1 Theoretical Experiment on a Car
5.3.3.3 Savings in Terms of Energy Costs
5.4 FLYING TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGY
5.4.1 Background and Technology
5.4.2 Thoughts and Simulation
5.4.2.1 Numerical Method of Solution
5.4.2.2 Wind Energy Modeling for the Flying Vehicles
5.4.2.3 Wind Energy Conversion
5.4.2.4 Generator Modeling
5.4.3 Optimization and Discussion
6.1 NATURAL WATER RESOURCES
6.1.1 Chemical and Physical Properties of Water
6.1.6 Increasing Water Scarcity
6.1.6.1 Population Growth
6.1.6.2 Expansion of Business Activity
6.1.6.3 Rapid Urbanization
6.1.7 Environmental Impact
6.2 WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT
6.2.1 Applications of Nanotechnology in Water and Wastewater Treatment
6.2.3 Current and Potential Applications for Water and Wastewater Treatment
6.2.5 Carbon-Based Nanoadsorbents
6.2.5.2 Heavy Metal Removal
6.2.5.3 Regeneration and Reuse
6.2.5.4 Metal-Based Nanoadsorbents
6.2.6 Polymeric Nanoadsorbents
6.2.7 Potential Application in Water Treatment
6.2.8 Membranes and Membrane Processes
6.2.9 Nanofiber Membranes
6.2.10 Nanocomposite Membranes
6.2.11 Thin Film Nanocomposite Membranes
6.2.12 Biologically Inspired Membranes
6.2.15 Nanophotocatalyst Optimization
6.2.16 Potential Applications in Water Treatment
6.2.17 Disinfection and Microbial Control
6.2.18 Antimicrobial Mechanisms
6.2.19 Potential Applications in Water Treatment
6.2.20 Sensing and Monitoring
6.2.21 Pathogen Detection
6.2.22 Trace Contaminant Detection
6.2.23 Multifunctional Devices
6.2.24 Retention and Reuse of Nanomaterials
6.2.25 Barriers and Research Needs
6.3 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN PHOTOCATALYTIC WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY
6.3.2 Fundamentals and Mechanism of TiO2 Photocatalysis
6.3.2.1 Heterogeneous TiO2 Photocatalysis
6.3.2.2 Homogeneous Photo-Fenton Reaction
6.3.2.3 Advancements in Photocatalyst Immobilization and Supports
6.3.2.4 Challenges in the Development of Photocatalytic Water Treatment Process
6.3.2.6 Nanofibers, Nanowires, or Nanorods
6.3.2.7 Photocatalytic Membrane
6.3.2.8 Photocatalyst Modification and Doping
6.3.2.9 Photocatalytic Reactor Configuration
6.3.2.10 Operational Parameters of the Photocatalytic Reactor
6.3.2.14 Dissolved Oxygen
6.3.2.15 Contaminants and Their Loading
6.3.2.16 Light Wavelength
6.3.2.18 Response Surface Analysis
6.3.2.19 Kinetics and Modeling
6.3.2.20 Photomineralization Kinetics
6.3.2.21 Photodisinfection Kinetics
6.3.2.25 Heavy and Noble Metals
6.3.2.26 Life Cycle Assessment of Photocatalytic Water Treatment Processes
6.3.2.27 Future Challenges and Prospects
6.4 RENEWABLE WATER ENGINEERING
6.4.2 Methods and Simulation
6.4.2.1 Static Electric Force Generation
6.4.2.2 In Site Water Treatment
6.4.3 Results and Discussion
Seven - Best Management Practices
7.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
7.5 INFRASTRUCTURE AND TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT
7.6.1 Green Public Procurement
7.6.3 Domestic and Global Collaboration
Sustainable Design and Build
：Building, Energy, Roads, Bridges, Water and Sewer Systems
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