Chapter
1 Introduction: 5G Radio Access
1.1 Evolution of Mobile Communication
1.2 5G New Radio Access Technology
1.3.5 5G Commercial Deployments
2 NR Physical Layer: Overview
2.1 Radio Protocol Architecture
2.2 NR PHY: Key Technology Components
2.3 Physical Time-Frequency Resources
2.8 PHY Procedures and Measurements
2.9 Physical Layer Challenges
2.9.1 Propagation Related Challenges
2.9.2 Hardware Related Challenges
3 Propagation & Channel Modeling
3.1 Propagation Fundamentals
3.1.1 Electromagnetic Waves
3.1.2 Free-Space Propagation
3.1.3 Scattering and Absorption
3.2 Propagation Channel Characterization
3.2.1 Frequency-Delay Domain
3.2.2 Doppler-Time Domain
3.3 Experimental Channel Characteristics
3.3.1 Measurement Techniques
3.3.1.2 Vector Network Analyzer
3.3.1.3 Correlation-Based Channel Sounding
3.3.1.4 Directional Characteristics
3.3.2.1 Spectral Analysis
3.3.2.2 Superresolution Methods
3.3.2.3 Measurement Comparability
3.3.3 Transmission Loss Measurements
3.3.3.1 Indoor Office Scenario
3.3.3.2 Outdoor-to-Indoor Scenario
3.3.3.3 Outdoor Street Scenario
3.3.3.4 Outdoor Urban Over Rooftop Scenario
3.3.4 Delay Domain Measurements
3.3.4.2 Outdoor-to-Indoor
3.3.4.3 Outdoor Street Canyon Scenario
3.3.4.4 General Frequency Trend in Delay Domain
3.3.5 Directional Domain Measurements
3.3.5.1 Indoor Office Wideband Results at 60 GHz
3.3.5.2 Indoor Office Multifrequency Results
3.3.5.3 Urban Macrocell Outdoor Results at 5 GHz
3.4.1 5G Stochastic Channel Models
3.4.1.1 Transmission Loss Modeling
3.4.1.2 Multipath Directional and Delay Modeling
3.4.1.3 Spatial Consistency
3.4.2 Geometry-Based Modeling
3.5 Summary and Future Work
4 Mathematical Modeling of Hardware Impairments
4.1.1 The Volterra Series
4.1.2 Common Subsets of the Volterra Series
4.1.2.1 Static Polynomial
Third-Order Static Polynomial
4.1.2.2 A Note on Odd-Even and Odd Orders
4.1.2.3 Memory Polynomial
4.1.2.4 Generalized Memory Polynomial
4.1.3 Global vs. Local Basis Functions
4.1.4 Experimental Model Validation
4.1.4.1 Quantifying Modeling Performance
4.1.5 Mutually Orthogonal Basis Functions
4.1.6 Multi-Antenna Environments and Mutual Coupling
4.2 Oscillator Phase Noise
4.2.1 Phase-Noise Power Spectrum and Leeson's Equation
4.2.2 Phase-Noise Modeling: Free-Running Oscillator
4.2.3 Phase-Noise Modeling: Phase-Locked Loop
4.3.1 Modeling of Quantization Noise
4.4.1 The Bussgang Theorem and the System Model
4.5 Stochastic Modeling of Power Amplifiers
4.6 Oscillator Phase Noise
4.7 Stochastic Modeling of Data Converters
4.8 Model Concatenation and Simulations
4.8.1 Signal-to-Interference and Noise Ratio
5.1 Multicarrier Waveforms
5.1.1 The Principle of Orthogonality
5.1.2 OFDM-Based Waveforms
5.1.2.1 Cyclic Prefix OFDM
5.1.2.4 Universally Filtered OFDM
5.1.3 Filter Bank-Based Waveforms
5.2 Single Carrier DFTS-OFDM
5.3 Waveform Design Requirements for 5G NR
5.4 Key Performance Indicator for NR Waveform Design
5.5 Waveform Comparison for NR
5.5.1 Frequency Localization
5.5.3 Time-Varying Fading Channel
5.5.4 Baseband Complexity
5.5.5 Phase-Noise Robustness Comparison
5.5.5.1 Phase-Noise Effect in OFDM
5.5.5.2 Phase-Noise Effect in FBMC-QAM
5.5.5.3 Phase-Noise Effect in FBMC-OQAM
6.1 Suitability of OFDM for NR
6.2.1 Why 15 kHz as Baseline Numerology?
6.2.2 Why 15x2n kHz Scaling?
6.3 OFDM Numerology Implementation
6.3.2 Cell Size, Service Latency, and Mobility
6.3.3 Multiplexing Services
6.3.4 Spectral Confinement
6.3.5 Guard Band Considerations
6.3.6 Implementation Aspects
6.4 Improving Power Efficiency of NR Waveform
6.4.1 Techniques With Distortion
6.4.2 Distortion-less Techniques
6.5 Effects of Synchronization Errors
6.5.1 Effect of Timing Offset
6.5.2 Effect of Carrier Frequency Offset
6.5.3 Sampling Frequency Offset
6.6 Impairment Mitigation
6.6.1 A Phase-Noise Mitigation Scheme
6.6.2 CFO and SFO Mitigation
7 Multiantenna Techniques
7.1 The Role of Multiantenna Techniques in NR
7.2 Multiantenna Fundamentals
7.2.1 Beam-Forming, Precoding, and Diversity
7.2.2 Spatial Multiplexing
7.2.2.1 SU-MIMO Precoding
7.2.2.2 MU-MIMO Precoding
7.2.3 Antenna Array Architectures
7.2.3.4 A Millimeter-Wave Antenna Array System Prototype
7.2.5 Antenna Ports and QCL
7.2.6.1 Reciprocity Based
7.3 Multiantenna Techniques in NR
7.3.1.1 Interference Measurements
7.3.2 Downlink MIMO Transmission
7.3.3 Uplink MIMO Transmission
7.3.4.1 Beam Acquisition During Initial Access
7.3.4.2 Beam Management Procedures
7.3.4.3 Beam Measurement and Reporting
7.3.4.6 Uplink Beam Management
8.1 Fundamental Limits of Forward Error Correction
8.1.1 The Binary AWGN Channel
8.1.2 Coding Schemes for the Binary-AWGN Channels
8.1.3 Performance Metrics
8.2 FEC Schemes for the Bi-AWGN Channel
8.2.3.1 Fundamentals of LDPC Codes
8.2.3.2 The LDPC-Code Solution Chosen for 5G NR
8.2.4.1 Fundamentals of Polar Codes
8.2.4.2 The Polar-Code Solution Chosen for 5G NR
Deterministic Reliability Ordering
8.2.5 Other Coding Schemes for the Short-Blocklength Regime
8.2.5.1 Short Algebraic Linear Block Codes With Ordered-Statistics Decoding
8.2.5.2 Linear Block Codes With Tail-Biting Trellises
8.2.5.3 Nonbinary LDPC Codes
8.3 Coding Schemes for Fading Channels
9.2.2 Power Amplifier Model
9.2.5 Channel Estimation and Equalization
9.4.4 Impairment of Fading Channel
5G Physical Layer
：Principles, Models and Technology Components
Disclaimer: Any content in publications that violate the sovereignty, the constitution or regulations of the PRC is not accepted or approved by CNPIEC.
