Airless Bodies of the Inner Solar System :Understanding the Process Affecting Rocky, Airless Surfaces

Publication subTitle :Understanding the Process Affecting Rocky, Airless Surfaces

Author: Grier   Jennifer;Rivkin   Andrew S.  

Publisher: Elsevier Science‎

Publication year: 2018

E-ISBN: 9780128092828

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9780128092798

Subject: P3 Geophysics

Keyword: 地球物理学

Language: ENG

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Description

Airless Bodies of the Inner Solar System: Understanding the Process Affecting Rocky, Airless Surfaces focuses on the airless, rocky bodies in the inner solar system as a host unto themselves, with a unique set of processes that require a specific set of investigative techniques. The book allows readers to understand both the basic and advanced concepts necessary to understand and employ that information. Topics covered past exploration of these surfaces, changes with time, space weathering, impact cratering, creation and evolution of regolith and soils, comparison of sample and remote sensing data, dust characterization, surface composition and thoughts for future exploration.

Together these authors represent the unique combination of skills and experience required to produce an excellent book on the subject of the surfaces of airless, rocky bodies in the solar system, which will be useful both for graduate students and for working scientists.

  • Written by experts with a unique combination of skills and experience on the subject of the surfaces of airless, rocky bodies in the solar system
  • Addresses the unique nature of airless bodies not done in any other reference
  • Organized into subjects that can be easily translated into classroom lecture points
  • Represents topics that scientists will want to pinpoint and browse

Chapter

The Chapters of This Book

Basic Concepts

A Word About Asteroid Names

Additional Reading

Chapter 2: Common Characteristics of Airless Bodies

Major Features and Phenomena Found on Airless Bodies

Retention of More Complete Impact Cratering Records at Small Sizes

Temperature Extremes

Space Weathering

Movement of the Regolith

Importance of Electromagnetic Processes

What's Lacking on Airless Bodies

Weather, Aeolian, and Fluvial Processes

Present-Day Volcanism

Features and Phenomena That Pose a More Complex Picture

Resurfacing

Ice and Volatiles

References

Additional Reading

Chapter 3: Rethinking the Airless Bodies

Early History of the Exploration of Rocky Airless Bodies

Exploration of the Moon Prior to the 1990s

Early Exploration of Phobos and Deimos

Early Exploration of Mercury

Early Exploration of Asteroids

Our Changing Paradigms

Formation of the Solar System

The Moon

Water on the Moon

Lunar Impact History

Mercury

Volatiles on Mercury

Surface Composition

Phobos and Deimos

The Asteroids

Summary

References

Additional Reading

Chapter 4: Data and Techniques

The Age of Rock Samples

Radiometric Dating: Derivation

Radiometric Dating: Practicalities

Closure Temperature-Diffusion: How the Clock is Reset

Isochrons

Rubidium-87/Strontium-87 (Rb-Sr) Dating

Argon-Argon (40Ar/39Ar) Dating (and K-Ar Dating)

Samarium-147/Neodymium-143 system (Sm-Nd)

U, Th-Pb (Uranium, Thorium-Lead)

Fission Track Dating

Cosmic Ray Exposure (CRE) Age

Typical Soils From Moon With Maturity Indices

The Age of Rocky Surfaces

Impact Crater Statistics

Production Function

Crater Counting (Size-Frequency Distributions)

Secondary Craters: Counting Issues

Crater Statistics Programs

Boulders

Boulders, Measurements and Techniques

Optical Maturity

Determining the Composition of Rocky Surfaces

Albedo

Emitted Light

Kirchhoff's Law

Reflectance Spectroscopy

Transmission Spectra

Emission Spectra

The ``Crossover Region´´

Interpreting Spectral Measurements

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Raman Spectroscopy

Remote Elemental Composition Techniques

Photometry

Spectrophotometry

Brightness in Magnitudes

Lightcurves

Radar

Laser Altimetry

Summary

References

Additional Reading

Chapter 5: Comparing Sample and Remote-Sensing Data—Understanding Surface Composition

The Importance of Comparing Data Sets

Terrestrial Analogs

Interpreting Craters

Bulk Density: Implications for Surface Composition, Interior Structure, and Volatile Content

Meteorites

Meteorite Types—Compositional Classification

Lunar Meteorites

Telling the Story of a Meteorite

Interplanetary Dust Particles

Sample Collection Missions

Stardust

Hayabusa

Genesis

Morphological Imaging

Asteroid Spectral Classes

``Chips off of Vesta´´

Optical Maturity

Summary

References

Additional Reading

Chapter 6: Space Weathering

What is Space Weathering?

The Problem of Space Weathering

The Processes of Space Weathering

Inclusions in Grains and Space Weathering

Space Weathering on Low-Albedo Surfaces

Space Weathering at Other Wavelengths

Sulfur and Space Weathering

Shock Darkening

Solar Wind Implantation and Plasma Interactions

Dating Surfaces With Space Weathering

``Resetting´´ Space Weathering Effects

Summary

References

Additional Reading

Chapter 7: The Creation of Regolith and Soils-Impact Cratering and Other Processes

Definitions

Importance of Regolith

Impact Events and Crater Formation

Large-Scale Impacts

Small-Scale Impact Events

Boulders

Gardening

The Megaregolith

Thermal Fracturing

Lag Deposits

Depth and Retention of Regolith

Summary

References

Additional Reading

Chapter 8: Regolith and Dust: Movement and Transport

Introduction

Cohesion

Cohesion in Microgravity

Emplacement and Mixing of Impact Ejecta

Downslope Movement of Regolith

Regolith Creep

Angle of Repose

Slumping and Landslides

Seismic Shaking and Regolith Convection

Asteroid Regolith ``Ponds´´

Electrostatic Effects and Levitation

The Physics of Dust Levitation

Lunar Observations

Levitation on Asteroids

Summary

References

Additional Reading

Chapter 9: Orbital Considerations

Basics of Celestial Mechanics

Orbital Elements

Vis-Viva Equation

Delta-v

Orbit Changes From ``Surface Processes´´

The Yarkovsky Effect

YORP Torques

Roche Limit

Poynting-Robertson Drag and Solar Radiation Pressure

Summary

References

Additional Reading

Chapter 10: Volatiles: Origin and Transport

Definitions

Origin of Volatiles: Where Does an Airless Body Get Volatiles?

The Accretion and Evolution of Endogenic Volatiles

Added Volatiles, Exogenic

Detecting Volatiles on Airless, Rocky Bodies

Volatile Transport

Retention of Volatiles: How Do Airless Bodies Keep Volatiles?

Volatile Losses: How Do Airless Bodies Lose Volatiles?

Volatiles on Specific Airless Worlds

Volatiles on Larger Worlds-Mercury and the Moon

Volatiles: Mercury

Volatiles: Moon

Volatiles on Smaller Worlds-Dwarf Planets, Asteroids, and Small Satellites

Volatiles: Vesta

Volatiles: Ceres

Volatiles: Other Asteroids

Volatiles: Phobos and Deimos

Summary

References

Additional Reading

Chapter 11: Unusual Processes and Features

Introduction

More About Asteroid Families

The Phobos and Deimos Dust Tori

Transient Lunar Phenomena

Resurfacing by Tides and Temperatures

Infall at Vesta

Irregular Mare Patches, Ahuna Mons, and Ceres Faculae

Lunar Swirls

Pits and Pit Craters

Pits

Pit Craters

Pit Chains

Grooves

Summary

References

Additional Reading

Chapter 12: Future Exploration

Community-Defined Science Goals

Future Robotic Missions-Moon

Future Robotic Missions-Mercury

Future Robotic Missions-Phobos and Deimos

Future Robotic Missions-Asteroids

Missions in Operation

Missions Selected for Funding

Additional Mission Concepts

Human Exploration

In Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) Concepts

Human Exploration and Regolith

Data Storage and Processing

Data Storage and Data Mining

Processing: Citizen Science

Summary

Additional Reading

Index

Back Cover

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