Chapter
2.5 Interactions Between Ligands and Surface of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
2.6 Synthesis of Noble Metal and Metal Oxide Nanomaterials: A Brief Discussion
2.6.1 Wet-chemical synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles
2.6.2 Wet-chemical synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles
2.6.3 Wet-chemical synthesis of noble metal-metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles
3 Methods for Synthesis of Hybrid Nanoparticles
3.2 Chemical Synthesis Methods
3.2.1 Chemical Reduction (CR) and Photoreduction (PR) Methods
3.2.3 Hydrothermal and Thermal Decomposition Processes
3.2.4 Coprecipitation Method
3.2.5 Sonochemical Synthesis
3.2.6 Seeding Growth Method
3.3 Physical Fabrications of Hybrid Nanoparticles
3.3.1 Laser-Induced Heating Process
3.3.2 Atom Beam Cosputtering Method
3.3.3 Ion Implantation Method
3.4 Summary and Future Trend
4 Nanoscale Characterization
4.2 Morphological Characterization
4.2.1 Transmission Electron Microscopy
4.2.2 Atomic Number Contrast Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy
4.2.3 Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
4.3 Quantification of Metal Content in Nanohybrids
4.4 Crystal Phase Characterization Through X-Ray Techniques
4.5 Surface Characterization
4.6 Spectroscopic Characterization
4.6.1 UV–Vis and Photoluminescence Spectroscopy
4.6.2 Fourier Transforms Infrared Spectroscopy
4.6.3 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
4.7 Electrochemical Characterization
5 Physics, Electrochemistry, Photochemistry, and Photoelectrochemistry of Hybrid Nanoparticles
5.2.1 Effect of Metal Oxide NPs on the Localized Surface Plasmons of Noble Metal NPs
5.2.1.1 AuNPs-Based Hybrids
5.2.1.2 AgNPs-Based Hybrids
5.2.2 SERS Effect of Hybrids Nanoparticles
5.2.3 Effect of Noble Metal Nanoparticles on the (Optical) Band Gap Energy of Semiconducting Oxide NPs
5.2.4 Effect of Noble Metal NPs on the Magnetic Behavior of Noble Metal–Magnetic Oxide HNPs
5.3 Effect of Noble Metal NPs on the Specific Capacitance of Noble Metal–Metal Oxide Based Supercapacitors
5.4 Photoelectrochemical (PEC) Properties
5.5 Photochemical Properties
5.6 Summary and Future Trend
6 Electronic Transport in Hybrid Nanoparticles
6.2 Electronic Transport in Nanoparticle Assemblies
6.2.1 Electronic Characteristics of a Singular Nanoparticle
6.2.2 Electronic Transport Across NP Assemblies
6.3 Electronic Transport by Excitons in Hybrid NM–MO NP Systems
6.3.1 Electronic Transport by Excitons in NM–MO NP Systems
6.3.2 Theoretical Modeling of Electronic Transport in 2D NM–MO NP Assemblies
6.4 Summary and Perspectives
7 Antibacterial Behavior of Hybrid Nanoparticles
7.2 Effect of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles on the Antibacterial Behavior of Noble Metals in Their Nanohybrids
7.3 Effect of Noble Metal Nanoparticles on the Antibacterial Behavior of Metal Oxides in Their Nanohybrids
7.4 Challenges and Perspective
8 Exciton − Plasmon Interactions in Noble Metal–Semiconductor Oxide Hybrid Nanostructures
8.2.1 Free Space Spontaneous Emission
8.2.2 Spontaneous Emission in Cavities
8.3 Femtosecond Absorption
9 Chemical Methods for Synthesis of Hybrid Nanoparticles
9.3 Coprecipitation Method
9.4 Sonochemical Synthesis
9.4.1 Synthesis of (Pd, Co)@Pt Nanohybrids
9.4.2 Synthesis of Pd–Metal Oxide Hybrid Nanoparticles
9.5.1 Synthesis of Trimetallic Nanoparticles Au/Ag/Pt
9.5.2 Synthesis of Amine-Functionalized Silica Nanopowder (SiO2 Nanopowder)
9.5.3 Synthesis of Trimetallic Au/Pt/Ag Nanocomposites-Doped Amine-Functionalized Silica Nanopowder (Au/Pt/Ag@SiO2)
9.7 Wet-Chemical Synthesis
9.8 Hydrothermal/Solvothermal Method
10 Sonochemical Synthesis of Palladium–Metal Oxide Hybrid Nanoparticles
10.2 Synthesis of Pd–CuO Hybrid Nanoparticles
10.3 The Chemical Reactions Involved in the Synthesis of Hybrid Nanoparticles
11 Laser-Induced Heating Synthesis of Hybrid Nanoparticles
11.1.1 Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid
11.1.2 Fundamentals of PLAL
11.1.3 Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR)
11.1.4 Spherical Nanoparticles: Quasi-Static Mie Theory
11.1.5 Alloy Hybrid Nanoparticles
11.1.6 Core–Shell Hybrid Nanoparticles
11.2 Experimental Methodologies
11.2.2 Two-Step Laser Ablation Method
11.3 Hybrid Nanoparticles Synthesized by Laser Heating
11.3.1 Ag–Al Hybrid Nanoparticles
11.3.2 Polymer Effect on the Synthesis of Ag–Al Hybrid Nanoparticles
11.4 Hybrid Nanoparticles Synthesized by Two-Step Laser Ablation
11.4.1 Ag–Al Hybrid Nanoparticles
11.4.2 Au–Al Hybrid Nanoparticles
11.5 Trimetallic Hybrid Nanoparticles
11.5.1 Al2O3@AgAu Alloy Hybrid Nanoparticles
11.5.2 Al2O3@Au@Ag Core–Shell Hybrid Nanoparticles
12 Hyperthermia Treatments
12.2 Physical Fundamentals
12.2.1 Physical Fundamentals of Magnetic-Induced Heating
12.2.1.1 Type of Material
12.2.1.2 Particle Size and Concentration
12.2.1.5 Magnetic Field Strength and Frequency
12.2.2 Physical Fundamentals of Photo-Induced Heating
Scattering of Light and Penetration Depths
12.2.3 Physical Models of Magnetic-Induced Heating
12.2.3.1 Hysteresis Heating
12.2.3.2 Heat Generation Model Based on Néelian and Brownian Relaxation
12.2.3.3 Bioheat Transfer Model for Heat Distribution
12.3 Magnetic-Induced Thermal Cancer Therapy
12.4 Photo-Induced Thermal Cancer Therapy
12.5 Application of Noble Metal–Fe3O4 Hybrid Nanoparticles for Dual Magnetic Photothermal Cancer Therapy
12.6 Challenging Problems
13 Optical Absorption Modeling of Plasmonic Organic Solar Cells Embedding Ag–SiO2 Core–Shell Nanoparticles
13.2 Mechanism of the Optical Absorption Enhancement in Plasmonic Organic Solar Cells
13.2.1 Electromagnetic Near-Field Resonance
13.2.2 Far-Field Scattering
13.3 Why Coat Metal Nanoparticles (MNPs) with a Dielectric Shell?
13.4.1 Finite Difference Time-Domain Method
13.4.2 Simulation Parameters
13.5 Results and Discussion
13.5.1 Effect of Bare Ag NSs Size Versus Period on Absorption Enhancement
13.5.2 Effect of the Shell Thickness on Absorption Enhancement
13.5.3 Effect of the Active Layer Thickness on Absorption Enhancement
13.5.4 Effect of the Nature of the Dielectric Shell Material on Absorption Enhancement
13.5.5 Influence of ZnO Optical Spacer Layer and Active Layer Material on Absorption Enhancement
13.6 Case of the Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) and Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs)
14 Noble Metals–Metal Oxide Mesoporous Nanohybrids in Humidity and Gas Sensing Applications
14.2 Materials for Humidity and Gas Sensors
14.2.2 Semiconductor Metal Oxide (MOx)
14.3 Ag–SnO2/SBA-15 Nanohybrids-Based Humidity Sensors
14.4 Mesoporous Ag–TiO2/SnO2 Nanohybrids-Based Gas Sensors
15 Role of Oxides (Fe3O4, MnO2) in the Antibacterial Action of Ag–Metal Oxide Hybrid Nanoparticles
15.2 Role of Fe3O4 in Antibacterial Action of Ag–Fe3O4 Nanoparticles and Antibacterial Agents Based on Magnetic Ag–Fe3O4 Na...
15.3 Role of MnO2 in Antibacterial Action of Ag–MnO2 Nanoparticles and Antibacterial Agents Based on Ag–MnO2
16 Noble Metal–Manganese Oxide Hybrid Nanocatalysts
16.2 The Chemistry of Manganese Oxides: Different Oxidation States
16.3 Noble Metal–Manganese Oxide Hybrids
16.4 Applications in Catalysis
16.4.2 Selective Reduction and Decomposition of NOx and SOx
16.4.3 H2O2 Decomposition
16.4.4 Decompositon of Ozone
16.4.7 Removal of Bacterial Pathogens
16.4.8 Hydrocarbon Oxidation
16.4.10 Coupling Reactions
16.4.11 Epoxidation of Olefines
16.4.12 Oxidative Dehydrogenation
16.4.14.1 Water Oxidation
16.4.14.2 Oxygen Reduction Reaction
16.4.14.3 Oxygen Evolution Reaction
16.4.15 Photoelectrocatalysis
16.5 Concluding Remarks and Future Outlook
17.2 Classification of Smart Coatings
17.2.1 Self-Healing Coatings
17.2.2 Active Sensing Coatings
17.2.2.1 Corrosion-Sensing Coatings
17.2.2.2 Pressure-Sensing Coatings
17.2.3 Optically-Active Coatings
17.2.4 Easy-to-Clean Coatings
17.2.4.1 Self-Cleaning Coatings
17.2.4.2 Antigraffiti Coatings
17.2.5 Bioactive Coatings
17.2.5.1 Antifouling Coatings
17.2.5.2 Antibacterial Coatings
17.2.6 Fire-Retardants Coatings
17.2.6.1 Intumescent Coatings
17.2.6.2 Nonintumescent Coatings
17.2.7 Other Smart Coatings
17.2.7.1 Antifingerprint Coatings
17.2.7.2 Antireflective Coatings
17.2.7.3 Anti-icing Coatings
17.2.7.4 Antifogging Coatings
17.3 Applications and Commercial Viability of Smart Coatings
17.5 Sources of Further Information
18 Photocatalytic Application of Ag/TiO2 Hybrid Nanoparticles
18.2 Ag/TiO2 Hybrid Nanoparticles for Environmental Application
18.2.1 Photoactive Ag/TiO2 Hybrid Nanoparticles for Water Treatment
18.2.2 Atmospheric Pollution Abatement by Means of Photocatalytic Ag/TiO2 Hybrid Nanoparticles
18.3 Energy Production Mediated by Ag/TiO2 Hybrid Nanoparticles
18.4 Multifunctional Ag/TiO2 Hybrid Nanoparticles for Quality Life Improvement
18.4.1 Bactericidal Coatings
18.4.2 Photoactive Ag/TiO2 Hybrid Nanoparticles for Odor-Control Filters
19 Noble Metal–Transition Metal Oxides/Hydroxides: Desired Materials for Pseudocapacitor
19.2 Fundamentals of TMOs and TMHs Pseudocapacitor
19.3 Single Transition Metal Oxides or Hydroxides (TMOs)
19.4 Mixed Transition Metal Oxides (MTMOs) and Mixed Transition Metal Hydroxides (MTMHs)
19.6 Noble Metal–Transition Metal Oxide/Hydroxide Hybrid Based Materials
20 Applications of Hybrid Nanoparticles in Biosensors: Simulation Studies
20.2 Fundamental Theory of Hybrid Nanoparticles
20.2.1 Maxwell’s Equations in Matter and Dielectric Constants
20.2.2 Fundamental Theory of LSPR and Mie Theory
20.3.1 Generalized Mie Theory
20.3.2 Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method
20.3.3 Discrete Dipole Approximation
20.3.4 Finite Element Methods
20.4.2 Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method
20.4.3 Discrete Dipole Approximation
20.4.4 Finite Element Methods
21 SERS Application of Noble Metal–Metal Oxide Hybrid Nanoparticles
21.1.1 Background of Raman Spectroscopy
21.1.2 Mechanism of Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering
21.2 Noble Metal Nanoparticle Based SERS Platforms
21.3 Metal Oxide Nanostructures in SERS
21.4 Noble Metal–Metal Oxide Nanohybrids-Based SERS Substrates
21.4.1 TiO2–Noble Metal Nanohybrids for SERS
21.4.2 ZnO–Noble Metal Nanohybrids for SERS
21.4.3 Fe3O4–Noble Metal Nanohybrids for SERS
21.4.4 Other Oxides–Noble Metal Nanohybrids for SERS
21.4.5 Noble Metal–Metal Oxide Hybrid Nanoparticles in Controlling the Selectivity of Photocatalytic Reactions Monitored by...
22 Plasmonic Perovskite Solar Cells Utilizing Noble Metal–Metal Oxide Hybrid Nanoparticles
22.2 Theoretical Analysis
22.2.1 Polarizability of Noncoated and Coated Nanosphere
22.2.2 Dielectric Constant of Metal
22.3 Results and Discussion
23 Hydrogen Gas-Sensing Application of Au@In2O3 Core–Shell Hybrid Nanoparticles
23.2 Synthesis and Characterizations of Au@In2O3 Core–Shell Hybrid Nanoparticles
23.3 Hydrogen Gas-Sensing Application
23.3.1 Gas Sensor Device Fabrication and Measurements
23.3.2 Hydrogen Gas-Sensing Studies
23.3.3 Role of Au Metal NPs in Improved Hydrogen Gas-Sensing of the Hybrid Nanoparticles
24 Development of CeO2- and TiO2-Based Au Nanocatalysts for Catalytic Applications
24.2 Synthesis of CeO2- and TiO2-Based Au Nanocatalysts
24.3 Catalytic Applications
24.3.1.1 Over CeO2-Based Au Nanocatalysts
24.3.1.2 Over TiO2-Based Au Nanocatalysts
24.3.2.1 Over CeO2-Based Au Nanocatalysts
24.3.2.2 Over TiO2-Based Au Nanocatalysts
24.3.3 Organic Transformations
24.3.3.1 By CeO2 Supported Au Nanocatalysts
24.3.3.2 By TiO2-Supported Au Nanocatalysts
24.3.4.1 Au/CeO2 nanohybrids as Photocatalyst
24.3.4.2 Au/TiO2 nanohybrids as Photocatalyst
25 Radiolabeled Theranostics: Magnetic and Gold Hybrid Nanoparticles
25.2.1 PET and SPECT Imaging Systems
25.2.2 MRI, CT, and Optical Imaging Systems
25.3 Radiolabeled Hybrid AuNPs
25.3.1 Radiolabeled Hybrid AuNPs for PET Imaging
25.3.2 Radiolabeled Hybrid AuNPs for SPECT Imaging
25.4 Radiolabeled Hybrid MNPs
25.4.1 Radiolabeled Hybrid MNPs for PET Imaging
25.4.2 Radiolabeled Hybrid MNPs for SPECT Imaging
25.5 Radiolabeled Au–Fe3O4 Hybrid Nanoparticles
26 Noble Metal–Manganese Oxide Nanohybrids Based Supercapacitors
26.2 Ag–MnO2 Nanohybrids-Based Supercapacitors
26.2.1 Wet-Chemical Redox Method
26.2.2 Hydrothermal and Solvothermal Methods
26.2.3 Electrochemical Deposition Method
26.3 Au–MnO2 Nanohybrids-Based Supercapacitors
27 Palladium-Based Hybrid Nanocatalysts: Application Toward Reduction Reactions
27.2 Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR)
27.3 Reduction of organic substrates
28 Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
28.2 Principles of PEC Water Splitting Process
28.3 Photoanode Materials
28.3.1 TiO2-Based Photocatalysts
28.3.2 BiVO4-Based Photocatalysts
28.3.3 Fe2O3 Oxide Photocatalysts
28.3.4 Oxynitride-Based Photocatalysts
28.3.5 Cocatalyst Selection
28.4 Noble Metal–Metal Oxide Nanohybrids-Based Photoanode
29 Theranostic Application of Fe3O4–Au Hybrid Nanoparticles
29.2 Design and Synthesis of Fe3O4–Au Hybrid NPs
29.2.1 Core–Shell Fe3O4–Au Hybrid NPs
29.2.2 Dumbbell-Like Fe3O4–Au Hybrid NPs
29.2.3 Core–Satellite Fe3O4–Au Hybrid NPs
29.3 Theranostic Application of Fe3O4–Au Hybrid NPs
29.3.1 Hyperthermia Therapy
29.3.2 Photodynamic Therapy
29.3.3 Targeted Drug Delivery
29.3.4.1 Dual-Mode MR/CT Imaging
29.3.4.2 Dual-Mode MR/FO Imaging
29.3.4.3 Dual-Mode MR/PA Imaging
30 Synthesis and Application of Au–Fe3O4 Dumbbell-Like Nanoparticles
30.2 Synthesis of Au–Fe3O4 Dumbbell-Like Nanoparticles
30.2.1.1 Formation Mechanism
30.2.1.2 Characterization
30.2.2 Other Modified Strategies
30.2.3.1 The Molar Ratio of Au and Fe Precursors
30.2.3.2 The Reaction Temperature
30.2.3.3 The Refluxing Time
30.2.3.4 The Solvent Polarity
30.3 Optical and Magnetic Properties
30.3.1 Optical Properties
30.3.2 Magnetic Properties
30.4 Potential Applications
30.4.1.1 Catalysis of Carbon Monoxide Oxidation
30.4.1.2 Catalysis of Nitrophenol Reduction
30.4.1.3 Catalysis of Hydrogen Peroxide Reduction
30.4.3.3 Gene Transfection
Noble Metal-Metal Oxide Hybrid Nanoparticles
：Fundamentals and Applications
( Micro and Nano Technologies )
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